Although asthma has been considered as a single disease for years, recent studies have increasingly focused on its heterogeneity. The characterization of this heterogeneity has promoted the concept that asthma consists of multiple...
The aim of the present narrative review is to discuss and examine the indication, mechanisms of action and therapeutic effects of currently available and emerging biologic agents for the treatment of severe asthma.
The model of asthma as a single entity has now been replaced by a much more complex biological network of distinct and interrelating inflammatory pathways. The term asthma is now considered an umbrella diagnosis for several...
The common disease asthma is probably not a single disease, but rather a complex of multiple, separate syndromes that overlap. Although clinicians have recognised these different phenotypes for many years, they have remained poorly...
The identification of sputum eosinophilia indicating corticosteroid responsiveness in subjects with severe asthma heralded the beginning of phenotyping asthmatic subjects based on airways inflammation.
Asthma affects about 300 million people worldwide, placing an enormous strain on health resources in many countries. Evidence is increasing that asthma is a complex condition with different underlying pathophysiologies.
Purpose of review: Asthma is a heterogenous disease associated with different phenotypes and endotypes. The unmet needs with severe asthma have led to the emergence of potential therapeutic targets beyond the existing therapies.
Immunological studies claimed that atopic and non-atopic asthma share more similarities than differences. However, these two phenotypes of asthma are considered to be distinguishable upon distinct clinical patterns, which were not...
The definition of nonallergic asthma includes that subset of subjects with asthma and with whom allergic sensitization cannot be demonstrated. These individuals should have negative skin prick test or in vitro specific-IgE test...
Severe asthma is characterized by major impairment of quality of life, poor symptom control and frequent exacerbations. Inflammatory, clinical and causative factors identify different phenotypes and endotypes of asthma.