Various studies have focused on psycho-immunology, emphasizing the involvement of stress, defined as a general response of the body to external or internal challenges to the AD pathology. Factors like lifestyle and leisure activities may change the behavior of immune cells in AD with a strong impact on the evolution of the disease.
Objectives: To evaluate and compare categorical UAS7TD scores with selected measures of disease-related quality of life and impact.
Background: Dupilumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody targeting the alpha subunit of IL-4 was recently approved for the treatment of moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD) in adult patients.
Areas covered: The authors review crisaborole in the management of AD based on Phase II, Phase III, and post-marketing studies. Pharmacologic properties such as chemistry, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and metabolism are discussed.
Background: Chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU) is associated with severely impaired quality of life (QoL).
Areas covered: The purpose of this review is to discuss the chemical treatment options for pediatric atopic dermatitis, including immunomodulators and small molecule inhibitors. A systematic literature search was conducted, and publications were reviewed for applicable treatment guidelines.
Severe atopic dermatitis, which affects both adults and children, is a debilitating disorder with a significant decline of patients' quality of life. Although aetiopathogenic factors are currently a topic of study and interpretation, the main features of atopic eczema are skin barrier disturbance and immune dysregulation.
Chronic spontaneous urticaria, formerly also known as chronic idiopathic urticaria and chronic urticaria (CU), is more common than previously thought.
Areas covered: This review summarizes the literature on the mechanism of action, clinical efficacy and safety of dupilumab, a monoclonal antibody that targets the α-subunit of the interleukin-4 receptor (IL-4Rα) leading to the inhibition of both the IL-4 and IL-13 pathways.
Background: For severe cases of atopic dermatitis, systemic or potent agents may be required for control of disease. There have been some reports of treatment efficacy of off-label use of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) in patients with refractory atopic dermatitis or have developed adverse effects to initial systemic agents.