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FDA Drug information

Epinephrine

Read time: 1 mins
Marketing start date: 28 Apr 2024

Summary of product characteristics


Adverse Reactions

6 ADVERSE REACTIONS Due to the lack of randomized, controlled clinical trials of epinephrine for the treatment of anaphylaxis, the true incidence of adverse reactions associated with the systemic use of epinephrine is difficult to determine. Adverse reactions reported in observational trials, case reports, and studies are listed below. Common adverse reactions to systemically administered epinephrine include anxiety; apprehensiveness; restlessness; tremor; weakness; dizziness; sweating; palpitations; pallor; nausea and vomiting; headache; and/or respiratory difficulties. These symptoms occur in some persons receiving therapeutic doses of epinephrine, but are more likely to occur in patients with hypertension or hyperthyroidism [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.5) ]. Arrhythmias, including fatal ventricular fibrillation, have been reported, particularly in patients with underlying cardiac disease or those receiving certain drugs [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.5) and Drug Interactions (7) ]. Rapid rises in blood pressure have produced cerebral hemorrhage, particularly in elderly patients with cardiovascular disease [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.5) ]. Angina may occur in patients with coronary artery disease [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.5) ]. Rare cases of stress cardiomyopathy have been reported in patients treated with epinephrine. Accidental injection into the digits, hands or feet may result in loss of blood flow to the affected area [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ]. Adverse events experienced as a result of accidental injections may include increased heart rate, local reactions including injection site pallor, coldness and hypoesthesia or injury at the injection site resulting in bruising, bleeding, discoloration, erythema or skeletal injury. Lacerations, bent needles, and embedded needles have been reported when epinephrine injection, USP auto-injector has been injected into the thigh of young children who are uncooperative and kick or move during the injection [ see Warning and Precautions (5.2) ]. Injection into the buttock has resulted in cases of gas gangrene [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ] . Rare cases of serious skin and soft tissue infections, including necrotizing fasciitis and myonecrosis caused by Clostridia (gas gangrene), have been reported following epinephrine injection, including epinephrine injection, USP auto-injector, in the thigh [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) ]. Adverse reactions to epinephrine include anxiety, apprehensiveness, restlessness, tremor, weakness, dizziness, sweating, palpitations, pallor, nausea and vomiting, headache, and/or respiratory difficulties. ( 6 ) To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Mylan Specialty, L.P. at 1-877-446-3679 (1-877-4-INFO-RX) or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.

Contraindications

4 CONTRAINDICATIONS None None ( 4 )

Description

11 DESCRIPTION Epinephrine injection, USP auto-injectors, 0.3 mg and 0.15 mg, are auto-injectors and combination products containing drug and device components. Each epinephrine injection, USP auto-injector, 0.3 mg delivers a single dose of 0.3 mg epinephrine from epinephrine injection, USP 0.3 mg/0.3 mL in a sterile solution. Each epinephrine injection, USP auto-injector, 0.15 mg delivers a single dose of 0.15 mg epinephrine from epinephrine injection, USP 0.15 mg/0.3 mL in a sterile solution. The epinephrine injection, USP auto-injector contains 2 mL epinephrine solution. Approximately 1.7 mL remains in the auto-injector after activation, but is not available for future use, and should be discarded. Each 0.3 mL in the epinephrine injection, USP auto-injector, 0.3 mg contains 0.3 mg epinephrine, 1.8 mg sodium chloride, 0.5 mg sodium metabisulfite, hydrochloric acid to adjust pH, and Water for Injection. The pH range is 2.2-5.0. Each 0.3 mL in the epinephrine injection, USP auto-injector, 0.15 mg contains 0.15 mg epinephrine, 1.8 mg sodium chloride, 0.5 mg sodium metabisulfite, hydrochloric acid to adjust pH, and Water for Injection. The pH range is 2.2-5.0. Epinephrine is a sympathomimetic catecholamine. Chemically, epinephrine is (-)-3,4- Dihydroxy-α-[(methylamino)methyl]benzyl alcohol with the following structure: Epinephrine solution deteriorates rapidly on exposure to air or light, turning pink from oxidation to adrenochrome and brown from the formation of melanin. Replace epinephrine injection, USP auto-injector if the epinephrine solution appears discolored (pinkish or brown color), cloudy, or contains particles. Thoroughly review the patient instructions and operation of epinephrine injection, USP auto-injector with patients and caregivers prior to use [ see Patient Counseling Information (17) ]. Epinephrine Structrual Formula

Dosage And Administration

2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION Selection of the appropriate epinephrine injection, USP auto-injector is determined according to patient body weight. Patients greater than or equal to 30 kg (approximately 66 pounds or more): epinephrine injection, USP auto-injector, 0.3 mg Patients 15 kg to 30 kg (33 pounds to 66 pounds): epinephrine injection, USP auto-injector, 0.15 mg Inject epinephrine injection, USP auto-injector intramuscularly or subcutaneously into the anterolateral aspect of the thigh, through clothing if necessary. Instruct caregivers of young children who are prescribed an epinephrine injection, USP auto-injector and who may be uncooperative and kick or move during an injection to hold the leg firmly in place and limit movement prior to and during an injection [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ]. Each epinephrine injection, USP auto-injector contains a single dose of epinephrine for single-use injection. Since the doses of epinephrine delivered from epinephrine injection, USP auto-injector are fixed, consider using other forms of injectable epinephrine if doses lower than 0.15 mg are deemed necessary. The prescriber should carefully assess each patient to determine the most appropriate dose of epinephrine, recognizing the life-threatening nature of the reactions for which this drug is indicated. With severe persistent anaphylaxis, repeat injections with an additional epinephrine injection, USP auto-injector may be necessary. More than two sequential doses of epinephrine should only be administered under direct medical supervision [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ]. The epinephrine solution in the clear window of the epinephrine injection, USP auto-injector should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration. Epinephrine is light sensitive and should be stored in the carrier tube provided to protect it from light [ see How Supplied/Storage and Handling (16.2) ] . Patients greater than or equal to 30 kg (66 lbs): epinephrine injection, USP auto-injector , 0.3 mg ( 2 ) Patients 15 to 30 kg (33 lbs to 66 lbs): epinephrine injection, USP auto-injector, 0.15 mg ( 2 ) Inject intramuscularly or subcutaneously into the anterolateral aspect of the thigh, through clothing if necessary. Each device is a single-use injection . ( 2 )

Indications And Usage

1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE Epinephrine injection, USP auto-injectors are indicated in the emergency treatment of allergic reactions (Type I) including anaphylaxis to stinging insects (e.g., order Hymenoptera, which include bees, wasps, hornets, yellow jackets and fire ants) and biting insects (e.g., triatoma, mosquitoes), allergen immunotherapy, foods, drugs, diagnostic testing substances (e.g., radiocontrast media) and other allergens, as well as idiopathic anaphylaxis or exercise-induced anaphylaxis. Epinephrine injection, USP auto-injectors are intended for immediate administration in patients who are determined to be at increased risk for anaphylaxis, including individuals with a history of anaphylactic reactions. Anaphylactic reactions may occur within minutes after exposure and consist of flushing, apprehension, syncope, tachycardia, thready or unobtainable pulse associated with a fall in blood pressure, convulsions, vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal cramps, involuntary voiding, wheezing, dyspnea due to laryngeal spasm, pruritus, rashes, urticaria or angioedema. Epinephrine injection, USP auto-injectors are intended for immediate administration as emergency supportive therapy only and are not a substitute for immediate medical care. Epinephrine injection, USP auto-injector contains epinephrine, a non-selective alpha and beta-adrenergic receptor agonist, indicated in the emergency treatment of allergic reactions (Type I) including anaphylaxis. ( 1 )

Overdosage

10 OVERDOSAGE Overdosage of epinephrine may produce extremely elevated arterial pressure, which may result in cerebrovascular hemorrhage, particularly in elderly patients. Overdosage may also result in pulmonary edema because of peripheral vascular constriction together with cardiac stimulation. Treatment consists of rapidly acting vasodilators or alpha-adrenergic blocking drugs and/or respiratory support. Epinephrine overdosage can also cause transient bradycardia followed by tachycardia, and these may be accompanied by potentially fatal cardiac arrhythmias. Premature ventricular contractions may appear within one minute after injection and may be followed by multifocal ventricular tachycardia (prefibrillation rhythm). Subsidence of the ventricular effects may be followed by atrial tachycardia and occasionally by atrioventricular block. Treatment of arrhythmias consists of administration of a beta-adrenergic blocking drug such as propranolol. Overdosage sometimes results in extreme pallor and coldness of the skin, metabolic acidosis, and kidney failure. Suitable corrective measures must be taken in such situations.

Drug Interactions

7 DRUG INTERACTIONS Patients who receive epinephrine while concomitantly taking cardiac glycosides, diuretics, or anti-arrhythmics should be observed carefully for the development of cardiac arrhythmias [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.5) ]. The effects of epinephrine may be potentiated by tricyclic antidepressants, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, levothyroxine sodium, and certain antihistamines, notably chlorpheniramine, tripelennamine, and diphenhydramine. The cardiostimulating and bronchodilating effects of epinephrine are antagonized by beta- adrenergic blocking drugs, such as propranolol. The vasoconstricting and hypertensive effects of epinephrine are antagonized by alpha- adrenergic blocking drugs, such as phentolamine. Ergot alkaloids may also reverse the pressor effects of epinephrine. Cardiac glycosides or diuretics: observe for development of cardiac arrhythmias. ( 7 ) Tricyclic antidepressants, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, levothyroxine sodium, and certain antihistamines: potentiate effects of epinephrine. ( 7 ) Beta-adrenergic blocking drugs: antagonize cardiostimulating and bronchodilating effects of epinephrine. ( 7 ) Alpha-adrenergic blocking drugs: antagonize vasoconstricting and hypertensive effects of epinephrine. ( 7 ) Ergot alkaloids: may reverse the pressor effects of epinephrine. ( 7 )

Clinical Pharmacology

12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY 12.1 Mechanism of Action Epinephrine acts on both alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors. 12.2 Pharmacodynamics Through its action on alpha-adrenergic receptors, epinephrine lessens the vasodilation and increased vascular permeability that occurs during anaphylaxis, which can lead to loss of intravascular fluid volume and hypotension. Through its action on beta-adrenergic receptors, epinephrine causes bronchial smooth muscle relaxation and helps alleviate bronchospasm, wheezing and dyspnea that may occur during anaphylaxis. Epinephrine also alleviates pruritus, urticaria, and angioedema and may relieve gastrointestinal and genitourinary symptoms associated with anaphylaxis because of its relaxer effects on the smooth muscle of the stomach, intestine, uterus and urinary bladder. When given subcutaneously or intramuscularly, epinephrine has a rapid onset and short duration of action.

Mechanism Of Action

12.1 Mechanism of Action Epinephrine acts on both alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors.

Pharmacodynamics

12.2 Pharmacodynamics Through its action on alpha-adrenergic receptors, epinephrine lessens the vasodilation and increased vascular permeability that occurs during anaphylaxis, which can lead to loss of intravascular fluid volume and hypotension. Through its action on beta-adrenergic receptors, epinephrine causes bronchial smooth muscle relaxation and helps alleviate bronchospasm, wheezing and dyspnea that may occur during anaphylaxis. Epinephrine also alleviates pruritus, urticaria, and angioedema and may relieve gastrointestinal and genitourinary symptoms associated with anaphylaxis because of its relaxer effects on the smooth muscle of the stomach, intestine, uterus and urinary bladder. When given subcutaneously or intramuscularly, epinephrine has a rapid onset and short duration of action.

Effective Time

20230522

Version

4

Dosage Forms And Strengths

3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS Injection, 0.3 mg/0.3 mL epinephrine injection, USP, pre-filled auto-injector Injection, 0.15 mg/0.3 mL epinephrine injection, USP, pre-filled auto-injector Epinephrine injection, USP auto-injector: 0.3 mg: 0.3 mg/0.3 mL epinephrine, USP, pre-filled auto-injector ( 3 ) Epinephrine injection, USP auto-injector : 0.15 mg: 0.15 mg/0.3 mL epinephrine, USP, pre-filled auto-injector ( 3 )

Spl Product Data Elements

Epinephrine Epinephrine SODIUM CHLORIDE SODIUM METABISULFITE HYDROCHLORIC ACID WATER EPINEPHRINE EPINEPHRINE

Carcinogenesis And Mutagenesis And Impairment Of Fertility

13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility Long-term studies to evaluate the carcinogenic potential of epinephrine have not been conducted. Epinephrine and other catecholamines have been shown to have mutagenic potential in vitro and to be an oxidative mutagen in a WP2 bacterial reverse mutation assay. Epinephrine was positive in the DNA Repair test with B. subtilis (REC) assay, but was not mutagenic in the Salmonella bacterial reverse mutation assay. The potential for epinephrine to impair fertility has not been evaluated. This should not prevent the use of epinephrine under the conditions noted under Indications and Usage (1) .

Nonclinical Toxicology

13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY 13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility Long-term studies to evaluate the carcinogenic potential of epinephrine have not been conducted. Epinephrine and other catecholamines have been shown to have mutagenic potential in vitro and to be an oxidative mutagen in a WP2 bacterial reverse mutation assay. Epinephrine was positive in the DNA Repair test with B. subtilis (REC) assay, but was not mutagenic in the Salmonella bacterial reverse mutation assay. The potential for epinephrine to impair fertility has not been evaluated. This should not prevent the use of epinephrine under the conditions noted under Indications and Usage (1) .

Application Number

NDA019430

Brand Name

Epinephrine

Generic Name

Epinephrine

Product Ndc

71872-7135

Product Type

HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG

Route

INTRAMUSCULAR

Package Label Principal Display Panel

PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL – OUTER PACKAGE LABEL NDC 71872-7135-1 Rx only For Allergic Emergencies (Anaphylaxis) Epinephrine Injection, USP 1 - Auto-Injector 0.3 mg Authorized generic for EpiPen ® Auto-Injector For more information about your Epinephrine Injection, USP Auto-Injectors visit MyGenericEAI.com Never put your thumb, fingers or hand over the orange tip. Never put thumb, fingers or hand over orange tip. Do not remove blue safety release until ready to use. Each Epinephrine Injection, USP Auto-Injector delivers one 0.3 mg intramuscular dose of epinephrine from epinephrine injection, USP 0.3 mg/0.3 mL. Discard unit after use. The Trainer contains no medicine and no needle. Replace if discolored. Store at 68° to 77°F (20° to 25°C). Do not refrigerate. Protect from light. epilabel

Recent Major Changes

Dosage and Administration ( 2 ) 05/2016 Warnings and Precautions ( 5.2 , 5.3 ) 05/2016

Information For Patients

17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION [ See FDA-Approved Patient Labeling ( Patient Information and Instructions for Use ). ] A healthcare provider should review the patient instructions and operation of epinephrine injection, USP auto-injector in detail, with the patient or caregiver. Epinephrine is essential for the treatment of anaphylaxis. Patients who are at risk of or with a history of severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis) to insect stings or bites, foods, drugs, and other allergens, as well as idiopathic and exercise-induced anaphylaxis, should be carefully instructed about the circumstances under which epinephrine should be used. Administration and Training Instruct patients and/or caregivers in the appropriate use of epinephrine injection, USP auto-injector. Epinephrine injection, USP auto-injector should be injected into the middle of the outer thigh (through clothing, if necessary). Each device is a single-use injection. Advise patients to seek immediate medical care in conjunction with administration of epinephrine injection, USP auto-injectors. Instruct caregivers to hold the leg of young children firmly in place and limit movement prior to and during injection. Lacerations, bent needles, and embedded needles have been reported when epinephrine injection, USP auto-injector has been injected into the thigh of young children who are uncooperative and kick or move during an injection [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ]. Complete patient information, including dosage, directions for proper administration and precautions can be found inside each epinephrine injection, USP auto-injector carton. A printed label on the surface of epinephrine injection, USP auto-injector shows instructions for use and a diagram depicting the injection process. Instruct patients and/or caregivers to use and practice with the Trainer to familiarize themselves with the use of epinephrine injection, USP auto-injector in an allergic emergency. The Trainer may be used multiple times. A Trainer device is provided in epinephrine injection, USP auto-injector cartons. Adverse Reactions Epinephrine may produce symptoms and signs that include an increase in heart rate, the sensation of a more forceful heartbeat, palpitations, sweating, nausea and vomiting, difficulty breathing, pallor, dizziness, weakness or shakiness, headache, apprehension, nervousness, or anxiety. These signs and symptoms usually subside rapidly, especially with rest, quiet and recumbency. Patients with hypertension or hyperthyroidism may develop more severe or persistent effects, and patients with coronary artery disease could experience angina. Patients with diabetes may develop increased blood glucose levels following epinephrine administration. Patients with Parkinson’s disease may notice a temporary worsening of symptoms [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.5) ] . Accidental Injection Advise patients to seek immediate medical care in the case of accidental injection. Since epinephrine is a strong vasoconstrictor when injected into the digits, hands, or feet, treatment should be directed at vasodilatation if there is such an accidental injection to these areas [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ]. Serious Infections at the Injection Site Rare cases of serious skin and soft tissue infections, including necrotizing fasciitis and myonecrosis caused by Clostridia (gas gangrene), have been reported at the injection site following epinephrine injection for anaphylaxis. Advise patients to seek medical care if they develop signs or symptoms of infection, such as persistent redness, warmth, swelling, or tenderness, at the epinephrine injection site [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.3) ]. Storage and Handling Instruct patients to inspect the epinephrine solution visually through the clear window of the auto-injector periodically. Replace epinephrine injection, USP auto-injector if the epinephrine solution appears discolored (pinkish or brown color), cloudy, or contains particles. Epinephrine is light sensitive and should be stored in the carrier tube provided to protect it from light. The carrier tube is not waterproof. Instruct patients that epinephrine injection, USP auto-injector must be used or properly disposed once the blue safety release is removed or after use [ see Storage and Handling (16.2) ]. Complete patient information, including dosage, directions for proper administration and precautions can be found inside each epinephrine injection, USP auto-injector carton. Manufactured for Mylan Specialty L.P., Morgantown, WV 26505, U.S.A. by Meridian Medical Technologies, Inc., Columbia, MD 21046, U.S.A., a Pfizer company Copyright © 2017 Meridian Medical Technologies. All rights reserved. Revised: 2/2017 MS:EPIG:R2 0001997

Spl Patient Package Insert Table

Remove the epinephrine injection, USP auto-injector from the clear carrier tube.

Flip open the yellow cap of your epinephrine injection, USP auto-injector, 0.3 mg or the green cap of your epinephrine injection, USP auto-injector, 0.15 mg carrier tube.

Tip and slide the auto-injector out of the carrier tube.

Grasp the auto-injector in your fist with the orange tip (needle end) pointing downward.

With your other hand, remove the blue safety release by pulling straight up without bending or twisting it.

Note:

  • The needle comes out of the orange tip.
  • To avoid an accidental injection, never put your thumb, fingers or hand over the orange tip. If an accidental injection happens, get medical help right away.
  • Geriatric Use

    8.5 Geriatric Use Clinical studies for the treatment of anaphylaxis have not been performed in subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. However, other reported clinical experience with use of epinephrine for the treatment of anaphylaxis has identified that geriatric patients may be particularly sensitive to the effects of epinephrine. Therefore, epinephrine injection, USP auto-injector should be administered with caution in elderly individuals, who may be at greater risk for developing adverse reactions after epinephrine administration [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.5) , Overdosage (10) ].

    Nursing Mothers

    8.3 Nursing Mothers It is not known whether epinephrine is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when epinephrine injection, USP auto-injector is administered to a nursing woman.

    Pediatric Use

    8.4 Pediatric Use Epinephrine injection, USP auto-injector may be administered to pediatric patients at a dosage appropriate to body weight [ see Dosage and Administration (2) ] . Clinical experience with the use of epinephrine suggests that the adverse reactions seen in children are similar in nature and extent to those both expected and reported in adults. Since the doses of epinephrine delivered from epinephrine injection, USP auto-injectors are fixed, consider using other forms of injectable epinephrine if doses lower than 0.15 mg are deemed necessary.

    Pregnancy

    8.1 Pregnancy Teratogenic Effects Pregnancy Category C There are no adequate and well controlled studies of the acute effect of epinephrine in pregnant women. Epinephrine was teratogenic in rabbits, mice and hamsters. Epinephrine should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus (fetal anoxia, spontaneous abortion, or both). Epinephrine has been shown to have teratogenic effects when administered subcutaneously in rabbits at approximately 30 times the maximum recommended daily subcutaneous or intramuscular dose (on a mg/m 2 basis at a maternal dose of 1.2 mg/kg/day for two to three days), in mice at approximately 7 times the maximum daily subcutaneous or intramuscular dose (on a mg/m 2 basis at a maternal subcutaneous dose of 1 mg/kg/day for 10 days), and in hamsters at approximately 5 times the maximum recommended daily subcutaneous or intramuscular dose (on a mg/m 2 basis at a maternal subcutaneous dose of 0.5 mg/kg/day for 4 days). These effects were not seen in mice at approximately 3 times the maximum recommended daily subcutaneous or intramuscular dose (on a mg/m 2 basis at a subcutaneous maternal dose of 0.5 mg/kg/day for 10 days).

    Teratogenic Effects

    Teratogenic Effects Pregnancy Category C There are no adequate and well controlled studies of the acute effect of epinephrine in pregnant women. Epinephrine was teratogenic in rabbits, mice and hamsters. Epinephrine should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus (fetal anoxia, spontaneous abortion, or both). Epinephrine has been shown to have teratogenic effects when administered subcutaneously in rabbits at approximately 30 times the maximum recommended daily subcutaneous or intramuscular dose (on a mg/m 2 basis at a maternal dose of 1.2 mg/kg/day for two to three days), in mice at approximately 7 times the maximum daily subcutaneous or intramuscular dose (on a mg/m 2 basis at a maternal subcutaneous dose of 1 mg/kg/day for 10 days), and in hamsters at approximately 5 times the maximum recommended daily subcutaneous or intramuscular dose (on a mg/m 2 basis at a maternal subcutaneous dose of 0.5 mg/kg/day for 4 days). These effects were not seen in mice at approximately 3 times the maximum recommended daily subcutaneous or intramuscular dose (on a mg/m 2 basis at a subcutaneous maternal dose of 0.5 mg/kg/day for 10 days).

    Use In Specific Populations

    8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS Elderly patients may be at greater risk of developing adverse reactions. ( 5.5 , 8.5 ) 8.1 Pregnancy Teratogenic Effects Pregnancy Category C There are no adequate and well controlled studies of the acute effect of epinephrine in pregnant women. Epinephrine was teratogenic in rabbits, mice and hamsters. Epinephrine should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus (fetal anoxia, spontaneous abortion, or both). Epinephrine has been shown to have teratogenic effects when administered subcutaneously in rabbits at approximately 30 times the maximum recommended daily subcutaneous or intramuscular dose (on a mg/m 2 basis at a maternal dose of 1.2 mg/kg/day for two to three days), in mice at approximately 7 times the maximum daily subcutaneous or intramuscular dose (on a mg/m 2 basis at a maternal subcutaneous dose of 1 mg/kg/day for 10 days), and in hamsters at approximately 5 times the maximum recommended daily subcutaneous or intramuscular dose (on a mg/m 2 basis at a maternal subcutaneous dose of 0.5 mg/kg/day for 4 days). These effects were not seen in mice at approximately 3 times the maximum recommended daily subcutaneous or intramuscular dose (on a mg/m 2 basis at a subcutaneous maternal dose of 0.5 mg/kg/day for 10 days). 8.3 Nursing Mothers It is not known whether epinephrine is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when epinephrine injection, USP auto-injector is administered to a nursing woman. 8.4 Pediatric Use Epinephrine injection, USP auto-injector may be administered to pediatric patients at a dosage appropriate to body weight [ see Dosage and Administration (2) ] . Clinical experience with the use of epinephrine suggests that the adverse reactions seen in children are similar in nature and extent to those both expected and reported in adults. Since the doses of epinephrine delivered from epinephrine injection, USP auto-injectors are fixed, consider using other forms of injectable epinephrine if doses lower than 0.15 mg are deemed necessary. 8.5 Geriatric Use Clinical studies for the treatment of anaphylaxis have not been performed in subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. However, other reported clinical experience with use of epinephrine for the treatment of anaphylaxis has identified that geriatric patients may be particularly sensitive to the effects of epinephrine. Therefore, epinephrine injection, USP auto-injector should be administered with caution in elderly individuals, who may be at greater risk for developing adverse reactions after epinephrine administration [ see Warnings and Precautions (5.5) , Overdosage (10) ].

    How Supplied

    16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING 16.1 How Supplied Epinephrine Injection, USP Auto-Injectors, 0.3 mg (epinephrine injections, USP 0.3 mg/0.3 mL) are available as NDC 49502-102-02, a pack that contains two Epinephrine Injection, USP Auto-Injectors, 0.3 mg (epinephrine injections, USP 0.3 mg/0.3 mL) and one Epinephrine Injection, USP Auto-Injector Trainer device. Epinephrine Injection, USP Auto-Injectors, 0.15 mg (epinephrine injections, USP 0.15 mg/0.3 mL) are available as NDC 49502-101-02, a pack that contains two Epinephrine Injection, USP Auto-Injectors, 0.15 mg (epinephrine injections, USP 0.15 mg/0.3 mL) and one Epinephrine Injection, USP Auto-Injector Trainer device. Epinephrine Injection, USP Auto-Injectors also include an S-clip to clip two carrier tubes together. Rx only 16.2 Storage and Handling Protect from light. Epinephrine is light sensitive and should be stored in the carrier tube provided to protect it from light. Store at 20° to 25°C (68° to 77°F); excursions permitted to 15° to 30°C (59° to 86°F) [See USP Controlled Room Temperature]. Do not refrigerate. Before using, check to make sure the solution in the auto-injector is clear and colorless. Replace the auto-injector if the solution is discolored (pinkish or brown color), cloudy, or contains particles.

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