Dextrose in Lactated Ringers

ADVERSE REACTIONS Reactions which may occur because of the solution or the technique of administration include febrile response, infection at the site of injection, venous thrombosis or phlebitis extending from the site of injection, extravasation and hypervolemia. Too rapid infusion of hypertonic solutions may cause local pain and venous irritation. Rate of administration should be adjusted according to tolerance. Use of the largest peripheral vein and a small bore needle is recommended. (See DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION .) Symptoms may result from an excess or deficit of one or more of the ions present in the solution; therefore, frequent monitoring of electrolyte levels is essential. Hypernatremia may be associated with edema and exacerbation of congestive heart failure due to the retention of water, resulting in an expanded extracellular fluid volume. Reactions reported with the use of potassium-containing solutions include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea. The signs and symptoms of potassium intoxication include paresthesias of the extremities, areflexia, muscular or respiratory paralysis, mental confusion, weakness, hypotension, cardiac arrhythmias, heart block, electrocardiographic abnormalities and cardiac arrest. Potassium deficits result in disruption of neuromuscular function, and intestinal ileus and dilatation. If infused in large amounts, chloride ions may cause a loss of bicarbonate ions, resulting in an acidifying effect. Abnormally high plasma levels of calcium can result in depression, amnesia, headaches, drowsiness, disorientation, syncope, hallucinations, hypotonia of both skeletal and smooth muscles, dysphagia, arrhythmias and coma. Calcium deficits can result in neuromuscular hyperexcitability, including cramps and convulsions. Although the metabolism of lactate to bicarbonate is a relatively slow process, aggressive administration of sodium lactate may result in metabolic alkalosis. Careful monitoring of blood acid-base balance is essential during the administration of sodium lactate. The physician should also be alert to the possibility of adverse reactions to drug additives. Prescribing information for drug additives to be administered in this manner should be consulted. If an adverse reaction does occur, discontinue the infusion, evaluate the patient, institute appropriate therapeutic countermeasures and save the remainder of the fluid for examination if deemed necessary. Other manifestations of hypersensitivity/infusion reactions: decreased heart rate, tachycardia, blood pressure decreased, respiratory distress, laryngeal edema, flushing, throat irritation, paresthesias, hypoesthesia oral, dysgeusia, anxiety, headache, and sneezing. Hyperkalemia Hypervolemia Other infusion site reactions: infection at the site of injection, phlebitis, extravasation, infusion site inflammation, infusion site swelling, infusion site rash, infusion site pain, infusion site burning.

CONTRAINDICATIONS The use of 5% Dextrose in Lactated Ringer’s Injection is contraindicated in neonates (28 days of age or younger) receiving concomitant treatment with ceftriaxone, even if separate infusion lines are used, due to the risk of fatal ceftriaxone-calcium salt precipitation in the neonate’s bloodstream [see Warnings, Drug Interactions, Pediatric Use ]. This solution is contraindicated where the administration of sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride or lactate could be clinically detrimental. Lactate administration is contraindicated in severe metabolic acidosis or alkalosis, and in severe liver disease or anoxic states which affect lactate metabolism. Solutions containing dextrose may be contraindicated in patients with hypersensitivity to corn products.

DESCRIPTION Each 100 mL of 5% Dextrose in Lactated Ringer's Injection contains: Hydrous Dextrose USP 5 g; Sodium Chloride USP 0.6 g Sodium Lactate 0.31 g; Potassium Chloride USP 0.03 g Calcium Chloride Dihydrate USP 0.02 g Water for Injection USP qs pH adjusted with Hydrochloric Acid NF pH: 4.6 (4.0–6.0) Calories per liter: 170 Calculated Osmolarity: 530 mOsmol/liter, hypertonic Concentration of Electrolytes (mEq/liter): Sodium 130; Potassium 4; Calcium 3; Chloride 112; Lactate (CH 3 CH(OH)COO − ) 28 5% Dextrose in Lactated Ringer's Injection is sterile, nonpyrogenic and contains no bacteriostatic or antimicrobial agents. This product is intended for intravenous administration. The formulas of the active ingredients are: Ingredients Molecular Formula Molecular Weight Sodium Chloride USP NaCl 58.44 Sodium Lactate CH 3 CH(OH)COONa 112.06 Potassium Chloride USP KCl 74.55 Calcium Chloride Dihydrate USP CaCl 2 •2H 2 O 147.02 Hydrous Dextrose USP 198.17 Not made with natural rubber latex, PVC or DEHP. The plastic container is made from a multilayered film specifically developed for parenteral drugs. It contains no plasticizers and exhibits virtually no leachables. The solution contact layer is a rubberized copolymer of ethylene and propylene. The container is nontoxic and biologically inert. The container-solution unit is a closed system and is not dependent upon entry of external air during administration. The container is overwrapped to provide protection from the physical environment and to provide an additional moisture barrier when necessary. Addition of medication should be accomplished using complete aseptic technique. The closure system has two ports; the one for the administration set has a tamper evident plastic protector and the other is a medication addition site. Refer to the Directions for Use of the container. Chemical Structure

DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION This solution is for intravenous use only. Dosage is to be directed by a physician and is dependent upon age, weight, clinical condition of the patient and laboratory determinations. Frequent laboratory determinations and clinical evaluation are essential to monitor changes in blood glucose and electrolyte concentrations, and fluid and electrolyte balance during prolonged parenteral therapy. When a hypertonic solution is to be administered peripherally, it should be slowly infused through a small bore needle, placed well within the lumen of a large vein to minimize venous irritation. Carefully avoid infiltration. Fluid administration should be based on calculated maintenance or replacement fluid requirements for each patient. The presence of calcium ions in this solution should be considered when phosphate is present in additive solutions, in order to avoid precipitation. Some additives may be incompatible. Consult with pharmacist. When introducing additives, use aseptic techniques. Mix thoroughly. Do not store. Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration, whenever solution and container permit. Ceftriaxone must not be administered simultaneously with calcium-containing intravenous solutions such as 5% Dextrose in Lactated Ringer’s Injection via a Y-site. However, in patients other than neonates, ceftriaxone and 5% Dextrose in Lactated Ringer’s Injection may be administered sequentially if the infusion lines are thoroughly are thoroughly flushed between infusions with a compatible fluid [see Contraindications, Warnings, Drug Interactions, Pediatric Use ]. Pediatric Use There is no specific pediatric dose. The dose is dependent on weight, clinical condition and laboratory results. See WARNINGS and PRECAUTIONS .

INDICATIONS AND USAGE This solution is indicated for use in adults and pediatric patients as a source of electrolytes, calories and water for hydration.

WARNINGS Precipitation with Ceftriaxone Precipitation of ceftriaxone-calcium can occur when ceftriaxone is mixed with calcium-containing solutions, such as 5% Dextrose in Lactated Ringer’s Injection, in the same intravenous administration line. Do not administer ceftriaxone simultaneously with 5% Dextrose in Lactated Ringer’s Injection via a Y-site. Deaths have occurred in neonates (28 days of age or younger) who received concomitant intravenous calcium-containing solutions with ceftriaxone resulting from calcium-ceftriaxone precipitates in the lungs and kidneys, even when separate infusion lines were used. 5% Dextrose in Lactated Ringer’s Injection is contraindicated in neonates receiving ceftriaxone. However, in patients other than neonates, ceftriaxone and 5% Dextrose in Lactated Ringer’s Injection may be administered sequentially if the infusion lines are thoroughly flushed between infusions with a compatible fluid. [see Contraindications, Warnings, Drug Interactions, Pediatric Use ]. Solutions containing lactate are not for use in the treatment of lactic acidosis. Solutions containing lactate should be used with great care in patients with metabolic or respiratory alkalosis, and in those conditions in which there is an increased level or an impaired utilization of lactate, such as severe hepatic insufficiency. The administration of intravenous solutions can cause fluid and/or solute overload resulting in dilution of serum electrolyte concentrations, overhydration, congested states or pulmonary edema. The risk of dilutional states is inversely proportional to the electrolyte concentration. The risk of solute overload causing congested states with peripheral and pulmonary edema is directly proportional to the electrolyte concentration. Solutions containing sodium ions should be used with great care, if at all, in patients with congestive heart failure, severe renal insufficiency, and in clinical states in which there is sodium retention with edema. Solutions containing potassium ions should be used with great care, if at all, in patients with hyperkalemia, severe renal failure, and in conditions in which potassium ions retention is present. In patients with diminished renal function, administration of solutions containing sodium or potassium ions may result in sodium or potassium retention. Solutions containing calcium ions should not be administered through the same administration set as blood because of the likelihood of coagulation.

OVERDOSAGE In the event of a fluid or solute overload during parenteral therapy, reevaluate the patient's condition and institute appropriate corrective treatment.

CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY 5% Dextrose in Lactated Ringer's Injection provides electrolytes and calories, and is a source of water for hydration. It is capable of inducing diuresis depending on the clinical condition of the patient. This solution also contains lactate which produces a metabolic alkalinizing effect. Sodium, the major cation of the extracellular fluid, functions primarily in the control of water distribution, fluid balance and osmotic pressure of body fluids. Sodium is also associated with chloride and bicarbonate in the regulation of the acid-base equilibrium of body fluid. Potassium, the principal cation of intracellular fluid, participates in carbohydrate utilization and protein synthesis, and is critical in the regulation of nerve conduction and muscle contraction, particularly in the heart. Chloride, the major extracellular anion, closely follows the metabolism of sodium, and changes in the acid-base balance of the body are reflected by changes in the chloride concentration. Calcium, an important cation, provides the framework of bones and teeth in the form of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. In the ionized form, calcium is essential for the functional mechanism of the clotting of blood, normal cardiac function, and regulation of neuromuscular irritability. Sodium lactate is a racemic salt containing both the levo form, which is oxidized by the liver to bicarbonate, and the dextro form, which is converted to glycogen. Lactate is slowly metabolized to carbon dioxide and water, accepting one hydrogen ion and resulting in the formation of bicarbonate for the lactate consumed. These reactions depend on oxidative cellular activity. Dextrose provides a source of calories. Dextrose is readily metabolized, may decrease losses of body protein and nitrogen, promotes glycogen deposition and decreases or prevents ketosis if sufficient doses are provided.

20210601

15

Dextrose in Lactated Ringers DEXTROSE, SODIUM CHLORIDE, SODIUM LACTATE, POTASSIUM CHLORIDE, and CALCIUM CHLORIDE DEXTROSE MONOHYDRATE ANHYDROUS DEXTROSE SODIUM CHLORIDE SODIUM CATION CHLORIDE ION SODIUM LACTATE LACTIC ACID POTASSIUM CHLORIDE POTASSIUM CATION CHLORIDE ION CALCIUM CHLORIDE CALCIUM CATION CHLORIDE ION WATER

Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility Studies with 5% Dextrose in Lactated Ringer's Injection have not been performed to evaluate carcinogenic potential, mutagenic potential or effects on fertility.

NDA019634

Dextrose in Lactated Ringers

DEXTROSE, SODIUM CHLORIDE, SODIUM LACTATE, POTASSIUM CHLORIDE, and CALCIUM CHLORIDE

0264-7751

HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG

INTRAVENOUS

Laboratory Tests Clinical evaluation and periodic laboratory determinations are necessary to monitor changes in fluid balance, electrolyte concentrations, and acid-base balance during prolonged parenteral therapy or whenever the condition of the patient warrants such evaluation. Significant deviations from normal concentrations may require tailoring of the electrolyte pattern, in this or an alternative solution. Drug Interactions Ceftriaxone Precipitation of ceftriaxone-calcium can occur when ceftriaxone is mixed with calcium-containing solutions, such as 5% Dextrose in Lactated Ringer’s Injection, in the same intravenous administration line. Do not administer ceftriaxone simultaneously with 5% Dextrose in Lactated Ringer’s Injection via a Y-site. However, in patients other than neonates, ceftriaxone and 5% Dextrose in Lactated Ringer’s Injection may be administered sequentially if the infusion lines are thoroughly flushed between infusions with a compatible fluid [see Warnings, Dosage and Administration ]. Deaths have occurred in neonates (28 days of age or younger) who received concomitant intravenous calcium-containing solutions with ceftriaxone resulting from calcium-ceftriaxone precipitates in the lungs and kidneys, even when separate infusion lines were used [see Contraindications, Warnings, Pediatric Use, Dosage and Administration ]. Some additives may be incompatible. Consult with pharmacist. When introducing additives, use aseptic techniques. Mix thoroughly. Do not store.

PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL - 1000 mL Container Label 5% Dextrose in Lactated Ringer's Injection REF L7510 NDC 0264-7751-00 1000 mL EXCEL ® CONTAINER Each 100 mL contains: Hydrous Dextrose USP 5 g; Sodium Chloride USP 0.6 g; Sodium Lactate 0.31 g; Potassium Chloride USP 0.03 g; Calcium Chloride•2H 2 O USP 0.02 g; Water for Injection USP qs pH adjusted with HCl NF pH: 4.6 (4.0-6.0); Calc. Osmolarity: 530 mOsmol/liter, hypertonic Electrolytes (mEq/liter): Na + 130; K + 4; Ca ++ 3; CI – 112; Lactate 28 Sterile, nonpyrogenic. Single dose container. Do not use in series connection. For intravenous use only. Use only if solution is clear and container and seals are intact. WARNINGS: NOT FOR USE IN THE TREATMENT OF LACTIC ACIDOSIS. Do Not Administer Simultaneously With Blood. Some additives may be incompatible. Consult with pharmacist. When introducing additives, use aseptic techniques. Mix thoroughly. Do not store. Recommended Storage: Room temperature (25°C). Avoid excessive heat. Protect from freezing. See Package Insert. Do not remove overwrap until ready for use. After removing the overwrap, check for minute leaks by squeezing container firmly. If leaks are found, discard solution as sterility may be impaired. Not made with natural rubber latex, PVC or DEHP. Rx only EXCEL is a registered trademark of B. Braun Medical Inc. B. Braun Medical Inc. Bethlehem, PA 18018-3524 USA 1-800-227-2862 Y94-003-220 LD-141-4 EXP LOT recycle symbol 1000 mL Container Label L7510

Rx only Revised: November 2021 EXCEL is a registered trademark of B. Braun Medical Inc.

Geriatric Use Clinical studies of 5% Dextrose in Lactated Ringer's Injection did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. Other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between elderly and younger patients. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy. This drug is known to be substantially excreted by the kidney, and the risk of toxic reactions to this drug may be greater in patients with impaired renal function. Because elderly patients are more likely to have decreased renal function, care should be taken in dose selection, and it may be useful to monitor renal function. See WARNINGS .

Labor and Delivery The effects of 5% Dextrose in Lactated Ringer's Injection on the duration of labor or delivery, on the possibility that forceps delivery or other intervention or resuscitation of the newborn will be necessary, and on the later growth, development, and functional maturation of the child are unknown. As reported in the literature, 5% Dextrose in Lactated Ringer's Injection has been administered during labor and delivery. Caution should be exercised, and the fluid balance, glucose and electrolyte concentrations, and acid-base balance, of both mother and fetus should be evaluated periodically or whenever warranted by the condition of the patient or fetus.

Nursing Mothers It is not known whether this drug is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when 5% Dextrose in Lactated Ringer's Injection is administered to a nursing woman.

Pediatric Use Deaths have occurred in neonates (28 days of age or younger) who received concomitant intravenous calcium-containing solutions with ceftriaxone resulting from calcium-ceftriaxone precipitates in the lungs and kidneys, even when separate infusion lines were used. 5% Dextrose in Lactated Ringer’s Injection is contraindicated in neonates receiving ceftriaxone [see Contraindications, Warnings, Drug Interactions ]. Safety and effectiveness of 5% Dextrose in Lactated Ringer's Injection in pediatric patients has not been established by adequate and well-controlled studies. However, as referenced in the medical literature, potassium chloride injection has been used to treat pediatric patients with potassium deficiency when oral replacement therapy is not feasible. For patients receiving potassium supplement at greater than maintenance rates, frequent monitoring of serum potassium levels and serial EKGs are recommended. Dextrose is safe and effective for the stated indications in pediatric patients (see INDICATIONS AND USAGE ). As reported in the literature, the dosage selection and constant infusion rate of intravenous dextrose must be selected with caution in pediatric patients, particularly neonates and low birth weight infants, because of the increased risk of hyperglycemia/hypoglycemia. Frequent monitoring of serum glucose concentrations is required when dextrose is prescribed to pediatric patients, particularly neonates and low birth weight infants. In neonates or in very small infants even small volumes of fluid may affect fluid and electrolyte balance. Care must be exercised in treatment of neonates, especially pre-term neonates, whose renal function may be immature and whose ability to excrete fluid and solute loads may be limited. Fluid intake, urine output, and serum glucose and electrolytes should be monitored closely. See WARNINGS and DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION .

Pregnancy: Teratogenic Effects Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with 5% Dextrose in Lactated Ringer's Injection. It is also not known whether 5% Dextrose in Lactated Ringer's Injection can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman or can affect reproduction capacity. 5% Dextrose in Lactated Ringer's Injection should be given to a pregnant woman only if clearly needed.

HOW SUPPLIED 5% Dextrose in Lactated Ringer's Injection is supplied sterile and nonpyrogenic in EXCEL ® Containers. The 1000 mL containers are packaged 12 per case and the 500 mL containers are packaged 24 per case. NDC REF Size 5% Dextrose in Lactated Ringer's Injection 0264-7751-00 L7510 1000 mL 0264-7751-10 L7511 500 mL Exposure of pharmaceutical products to heat should be minimized. Avoid excessive heat. Protect from freezing. It is recommended that the product be stored at room temperature (25°C); however, brief exposure up to 40°C does not adversely affect the product.

Exposure of pharmaceutical products to heat should be minimized. Avoid excessive heat. Protect from freezing. It is recommended that the product be stored at room temperature (25°C); however, brief exposure up to 40°C does not adversely affect the product.

General This solution should be used with care in patients with hypervolemia, renal insufficiency, urinary tract obstruction, or impending or frank cardiac decompensation. Extraordinary electrolytes losses such as may occur during protracted nasogastric suction, vomiting, diarrhea or gastrointestinal fistula drainage may necessitate additional electrolyte supplementation. Additional essential electrolytes, minerals and vitamins should be supplied as needed. Sodium-containing solutions should be administered with caution to patients receiving corticosteroids or corticotropin, or to other salt-retaining patients. Care should be exercised in administering solutions containing sodium or potassium to patients with renal or cardiovascular insufficiency, with or without congestive heart failure, particularly if they are postoperative or elderly. The osmolarity of 5% Dextrose in Lactated Ringer’s Injection is 530 mOsmol/liter (calc). Administration of substantially hypertonic solutions may cause venous irritation, including phlebitis. Solutions containing calcium should be used with caution in the presence of cardiac disease, particularly when accompanied by renal disease. Parenteral calcium should be administered with extreme caution to patients receiving digitalis preparations. Solutions containing lactate should be used with caution. Excess administration may result in metabolic alkalosis. The conversion of lactate to bicarbonate is markedly delayed in the presence of tissue anoxia and reduced capacity of the liver to metabolize lactate. This may occur under conditions such as metabolic acidosis associated with circulatory insufficiency, extracorporeal circulation, hypothermia, glycogen storage disease, liver dysfunction, respiratory alkalosis, shock or cardiac decompensation. Solutions containing dextrose should be used with caution in patients with overt or known subclinical diabetes mellitus, or carbohydrate intolerance for any reason. To minimize the risk of possible incompatibilities arising from mixing this solution with other additives that may be prescribed, the final infusate should be inspected for cloudiness or precipitation immediately after mixing, prior to administration, and periodically during administration. Do not connect flexible plastic containers in series in order to avoid air embolism due to possible residual air contained in the primary container. If administration is controlled by a pumping device, care must be taken to discontinue pumping action before the container runs dry or air embolism may result. If administration is not controlled by a pumping device, refrain from applying excessive pressure (greater than 300mmHg) causing distortion to the container such as wringing or twisting. Such handling could result in breakage of the container. This solution is intended for intravenous administration using sterile equipment. It is recommended that intravenous administration apparatus be replaced at least once every 24 hours. Use only if solution is clear and container and seals are intact.

PRECAUTIONS General This solution should be used with care in patients with hypervolemia, renal insufficiency, urinary tract obstruction, or impending or frank cardiac decompensation. Extraordinary electrolytes losses such as may occur during protracted nasogastric suction, vomiting, diarrhea or gastrointestinal fistula drainage may necessitate additional electrolyte supplementation. Additional essential electrolytes, minerals and vitamins should be supplied as needed. Sodium-containing solutions should be administered with caution to patients receiving corticosteroids or corticotropin, or to other salt-retaining patients. Care should be exercised in administering solutions containing sodium or potassium to patients with renal or cardiovascular insufficiency, with or without congestive heart failure, particularly if they are postoperative or elderly. The osmolarity of 5% Dextrose in Lactated Ringer’s Injection is 530 mOsmol/liter (calc). Administration of substantially hypertonic solutions may cause venous irritation, including phlebitis. Solutions containing calcium should be used with caution in the presence of cardiac disease, particularly when accompanied by renal disease. Parenteral calcium should be administered with extreme caution to patients receiving digitalis preparations. Solutions containing lactate should be used with caution. Excess administration may result in metabolic alkalosis. The conversion of lactate to bicarbonate is markedly delayed in the presence of tissue anoxia and reduced capacity of the liver to metabolize lactate. This may occur under conditions such as metabolic acidosis associated with circulatory insufficiency, extracorporeal circulation, hypothermia, glycogen storage disease, liver dysfunction, respiratory alkalosis, shock or cardiac decompensation. Solutions containing dextrose should be used with caution in patients with overt or known subclinical diabetes mellitus, or carbohydrate intolerance for any reason. To minimize the risk of possible incompatibilities arising from mixing this solution with other additives that may be prescribed, the final infusate should be inspected for cloudiness or precipitation immediately after mixing, prior to administration, and periodically during administration. Do not connect flexible plastic containers in series in order to avoid air embolism due to possible residual air contained in the primary container. If administration is controlled by a pumping device, care must be taken to discontinue pumping action before the container runs dry or air embolism may result. If administration is not controlled by a pumping device, refrain from applying excessive pressure (greater than 300mmHg) causing distortion to the container such as wringing or twisting. Such handling could result in breakage of the container. This solution is intended for intravenous administration using sterile equipment. It is recommended that intravenous administration apparatus be replaced at least once every 24 hours. Use only if solution is clear and container and seals are intact. Laboratory Tests Clinical evaluation and periodic laboratory determinations are necessary to monitor changes in fluid balance, electrolyte concentrations, and acid-base balance during prolonged parenteral therapy or whenever the condition of the patient warrants such evaluation. Significant deviations from normal concentrations may require tailoring of the electrolyte pattern, in this or an alternative solution. Drug Interactions Ceftriaxone Precipitation of ceftriaxone-calcium can occur when ceftriaxone is mixed with calcium-containing solutions, such as 5% Dextrose in Lactated Ringer’s Injection, in the same intravenous administration line. Do not administer ceftriaxone simultaneously with 5% Dextrose in Lactated Ringer’s Injection via a Y-site. However, in patients other than neonates, ceftriaxone and 5% Dextrose in Lactated Ringer’s Injection may be administered sequentially if the infusion lines are thoroughly flushed between infusions with a compatible fluid [see Warnings, Dosage and Administration ]. Deaths have occurred in neonates (28 days of age or younger) who received concomitant intravenous calcium-containing solutions with ceftriaxone resulting from calcium-ceftriaxone precipitates in the lungs and kidneys, even when separate infusion lines were used [see Contraindications, Warnings, Pediatric Use, Dosage and Administration ]. Some additives may be incompatible. Consult with pharmacist. When introducing additives, use aseptic techniques. Mix thoroughly. Do not store. Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility Studies with 5% Dextrose in Lactated Ringer's Injection have not been performed to evaluate carcinogenic potential, mutagenic potential or effects on fertility. Pregnancy: Teratogenic Effects Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with 5% Dextrose in Lactated Ringer's Injection. It is also not known whether 5% Dextrose in Lactated Ringer's Injection can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman or can affect reproduction capacity. 5% Dextrose in Lactated Ringer's Injection should be given to a pregnant woman only if clearly needed. Labor and Delivery The effects of 5% Dextrose in Lactated Ringer's Injection on the duration of labor or delivery, on the possibility that forceps delivery or other intervention or resuscitation of the newborn will be necessary, and on the later growth, development, and functional maturation of the child are unknown. As reported in the literature, 5% Dextrose in Lactated Ringer's Injection has been administered during labor and delivery. Caution should be exercised, and the fluid balance, glucose and electrolyte concentrations, and acid-base balance, of both mother and fetus should be evaluated periodically or whenever warranted by the condition of the patient or fetus. Nursing Mothers It is not known whether this drug is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when 5% Dextrose in Lactated Ringer's Injection is administered to a nursing woman. Pediatric Use Deaths have occurred in neonates (28 days of age or younger) who received concomitant intravenous calcium-containing solutions with ceftriaxone resulting from calcium-ceftriaxone precipitates in the lungs and kidneys, even when separate infusion lines were used. 5% Dextrose in Lactated Ringer’s Injection is contraindicated in neonates receiving ceftriaxone [see Contraindications, Warnings, Drug Interactions ]. Safety and effectiveness of 5% Dextrose in Lactated Ringer's Injection in pediatric patients has not been established by adequate and well-controlled studies. However, as referenced in the medical literature, potassium chloride injection has been used to treat pediatric patients with potassium deficiency when oral replacement therapy is not feasible. For patients receiving potassium supplement at greater than maintenance rates, frequent monitoring of serum potassium levels and serial EKGs are recommended. Dextrose is safe and effective for the stated indications in pediatric patients (see INDICATIONS AND USAGE ). As reported in the literature, the dosage selection and constant infusion rate of intravenous dextrose must be selected with caution in pediatric patients, particularly neonates and low birth weight infants, because of the increased risk of hyperglycemia/hypoglycemia. Frequent monitoring of serum glucose concentrations is required when dextrose is prescribed to pediatric patients, particularly neonates and low birth weight infants. In neonates or in very small infants even small volumes of fluid may affect fluid and electrolyte balance. Care must be exercised in treatment of neonates, especially pre-term neonates, whose renal function may be immature and whose ability to excrete fluid and solute loads may be limited. Fluid intake, urine output, and serum glucose and electrolytes should be monitored closely. See WARNINGS and DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION . Geriatric Use Clinical studies of 5% Dextrose in Lactated Ringer's Injection did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects. Other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between elderly and younger patients. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy. This drug is known to be substantially excreted by the kidney, and the risk of toxic reactions to this drug may be greater in patients with impaired renal function. Because elderly patients are more likely to have decreased renal function, care should be taken in dose selection, and it may be useful to monitor renal function. See WARNINGS .