Levosimendan is a calcium sensitizer and adenosine triphosphate-dependent potassium channel opener, which exerts sustained hemodynamic, symptomatic, and organ-protective effects.
The narrative review aims to discuss recent results and important knowledge gaps regarding acute kidney injury (AKI) in postoperative patients undergone major noncardiac surgery.
Severe postoperative complications can affect cardiac surgery patients. Levosimendan is a novel calcium sensitizer commonly administered after cardiac surgery.
Aims: Levosimendan improves haemodynamics in acute decompensated heart failure (HF). However, it is increasingly used for repetitive or intermittent infusions in advanced but stable chronic HF, without clear indication...
Objective: This article provides an evidence-based narrative review of the management of hyperkalemia, with focused updates for the emergency clinician.
Despite improvements in pharmacological therapy and pacing, prognosis in advanced heart failure (HF) remains poor, with a 1-year mortality of 25-50%.
The clinical course of heart failure is characterised by progressive worsening of cardiac function and symptoms. Patients progress to a condition where traditional treatment is no longer effective and advanced therapies...
While it is still believed to be a mechanically driven disease, the role of underlying co-existing inflammatory processes and mediators in the onset of OA and its progression is now more appreciated.
Kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) are at increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality, and side effects induced by immunosuppressive therapy may be a major contributor to this risk, together with traditional CV risk factors.
Objective: Simendan is a calcium sensitizer that enhances myocardial contractility but does not affect ventricular diastole.