Psychiatry/Mental Health Medical Journal Abstracts
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Optimizing arousal to manage aggression: A pilot study of sensory modulation
International Journal of Mental Health Nursing
Feb 2013
Optimizing arousal to manage aggression: A pilot study of sensory modulation
The dominant model that informs clinical training for preventing violence and managing aggression posits arousal as mediated downwards from higher cortical structures. This view results in an often-misplaced reliance on verbal and cognitive techniques for de-escalation. The emergence of sensory modulation, via the Six..Manifestations of interpersonal dependency and depressive subtypes in outpatient psychotherapy patients
Personality and Mental Health
Jan 2013
Manifestations of interpersonal dependency and depressive subtypes in outpatient psychotherapy patients
The present study investigated the relationship between normative and pathological dependency and anaclitic and introjective depressive experiences among 71 patients participating in outpatient psychotherapy at a university-based psychology clinic. We examined the interrelationships among the Relationship Profile Test..Circulating levels of sTNFR1 as a marker of severe clinical course in schizophrenia
Journal of Psychiatric Research
Jan 2013
Circulating levels of sTNFR1 as a marker of severe clinical course in schizophrenia
Background: Schizophrenia (SZ) has been associated with an imbalance in the inflammatory cytokine TNF-α. The objectives of this study were to compare TNF-α and its soluble receptors' serum levels in individuals with SZ with the levels found in a group of healthy volunteers and to investigate the possible association..The involvement of 5-lipoxygenase activating protein in anxiety-like behavior
Journal of Psychiatric Research
Jan 2013
The involvement of 5-lipoxygenase activating protein in anxiety-like behavior
The 5-lipoxygenase is an enzyme widely expressed in the central nervous system, where its activity is dependent on the presence the 5-lipoxygenase activating protein (FLAP) for the formation of leukotrienes, potent bioactive lipid mediators. Emerging evidence has shown that the FLAP/leukotriene pathway may play a role..Clinical and neurocognitive markers of suicidality in young adults
Journal of Psychiatric Research
Jan 2013
Clinical and neurocognitive markers of suicidality in young adults
Background: Suicide represents a leading cause of death in young people, yet relatively little is known regarding the neurobiological sequelae of preceding suicidal thoughts and behaviours. Although some studies have reported cognitive deficits associated with suicidality, very few studies have been undertaken in young..Sex differences in health-related quality of life impairment associated with eating disorder features: A general population study
International Journal of Eating Disorders
Jan 2013
Sex differences in health-related quality of life impairment associated with eating disorder features: A general population study
Objective: To determine sex differences in the prevalence and impact of specific eating disorder features on health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Method: A general population sample of men (n = 1,479) and women (n = 1,555) completed interviews that assessed HRQoL (Medical Outcomes Study Short Form, SF-36), and..A rat in the labyrinth of anorexia nervosa: Contributions of the activity-based anorexia rodent model to the understanding of anorexia nervosa
International Journal of Eating Disorders
Jan 2013
A rat in the labyrinth of anorexia nervosa: Contributions of the activity-based anorexia rodent model to the understanding of anorexia nervosa
Activity-based anorexia (ABA) is an analogous animal model of anorexia nervosa where food-restricted rats develop excessive running activity when given free access to a running wheel; their body weight sharply decreases, and finally self-starvation and death ensue unless animals are removed from the experimental..A cost effectiveness analysis of stepped care treatment for bulimia nervosa
International Journal of Eating Disorders
Jan 2013
A cost effectiveness analysis of stepped care treatment for bulimia nervosa
Background: The cost effectiveness of various treatment strategies for bulimia nervosa (BN) is unknown. Aims: To examine the cost effectiveness of stepped care treatment for BN. Method: Randomized trial conducted at four clinical centers with intensive measurement of direct medical costs and repeated measurement of..Executive function in eating disorders: The role of state anxiety
International Journal of Eating Disorders
Jan 2013
Executive function in eating disorders: The role of state anxiety
Objective: We examined the influence of depression and anxiety on executive function in individuals with a DSM-IV diagnosis of anorexia nervosa-restricting type, anorexia nervosa-binge-eating/purging type, bulimia nervosa, or eating disorder not otherwise specified. Method: We assessed 106 women after their inpatient..White matter integrity is reduced in bulimia nervosa
International Journal of Eating Disorders
Jan 2013
White matter integrity is reduced in bulimia nervosa
Objective: To investigate brain white matter (WM) functionality in bulimia nervosa (BN) in relation to anxiety. Method: Twenty-one control women (CW, mean age 27 ± 7 years) and 20 BN women (mean age 25 ± 5 years) underwent brain diffusion tensor imaging to measure fractional anisotropy (FA; an indication of WM axon..The impact of child sexual abuse on the course of bipolar disorder: a systematic review
Bipolar Disorders
Jan 2013
The impact of child sexual abuse on the course of bipolar disorder: a systematic review
Objectives: The aim of this review was to elucidate the impact of child sexual abuse on all clinical phenomena that occur after the onset of bipolar disorder, including associated clinical features that are not part of the diagnostic criteria for the disorder. Methods: Five databases were searched and supplemented with..Differences in resting corticolimbic functional connectivity in bipolar I euthymia
Bipolar Disorders
Jan 2013
Differences in resting corticolimbic functional connectivity in bipolar I euthymia
Objective: We examined resting state functional connectivity in the brain between key emotion regulation regions in bipolar I disorder to delineate differences in coupling from healthy subjects. Methods: Euthymic subjects with bipolar I disorder (n = 20) and matched healthy subjects (n = 20) participated in a resting..Decline in incidence of HIV and Hepatitis C virus infection among injecting drug users in Amsterdam; evidence for harm reduction?
Addiction
Jan 2013
Decline in incidence of HIV and Hepatitis C virus infection among injecting drug users in Amsterdam; evidence for harm reduction?
Aims: In Amsterdam HIV prevalence has nearly halved among Injecting Drug Users (IDU) since 1990. Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) prevalence also declined, HIV and HCV incidence dropped to nearly zero. We examined possible explanations for these time trends, among which the implementation of harm reduction measures aimed at..Global alcohol exposure estimates by country, territory and region for 2005 – a contribution to the Comparative Risk Assessment for the 2010 Global Burden of Disease Study
Addiction
Jan 2013
Global alcohol exposure estimates by country, territory and region for 2005 – a contribution to the Comparative Risk Assessment for the 2010 Global Burden of Disease Study
Aims: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of lifetime abstainers, former drinkers and current drinkers, adult per capita consumption of alcohol, and pattern of drinking scores, by country and Global Burden of Disease region for 2005, and to forecast these indicators for 2010. Design: Statistical modelling based..Extended release methylphenidate for treatment of amphetamine/methamphetamine dependence: a randomised, double-blind, placebo controlled trial
Addiction
Jan 2013
Extended release methylphenidate for treatment of amphetamine/methamphetamine dependence: a randomised, double-blind, placebo controlled trial
Aims: To assess the efficacy of methylphenidate as a substitution therapy for amphetamine/methamphetamine dependence in Finland and New Zealand. Design: parallel group, double-blind, randomised placebo controlled trial. Setting: outpatient care. Participants: amphetamine/methamphetamine dependent, aged 16-65...Depression before and after cardiac surgery: Do all patients respond the same?
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
Dec 2012
Depression before and after cardiac surgery: Do all patients respond the same?
Objective: To characterize the prevalence, incidence, and risk factors for depression before and after cardiac surgery. Methods: Patients awaiting nonemergent surgery (N = 436), completed the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 for depression, as well as the International Physical Activity Questionnaire short version..In the shadow of terror: Posttraumatic stress and psychiatric co-morbidity following bombing in Iraq: The role of shattered world assumptions and altered self-capacities
Journal of Psychiatric Research
Nov 2012
In the shadow of terror: Posttraumatic stress and psychiatric co-morbidity following bombing in Iraq: The role of shattered world assumptions and altered self-capacities
Whilst research has looked at posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and psychiatric co-morbidity among civilians exposed to bombing, there is a lack of longitudinal data on the development of these outcomes and the psychological factors associated with them, particularly among Iraqi civilians. This study aimed to:..Brain-derived neurotrophic factor val66met genotype and early life stress effects upon bipolar course
Journal of Psychiatric Research
Nov 2012
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor val66met genotype and early life stress effects upon bipolar course
Background: Gene–environment interactions may contribute to bipolar disorder (BD) clinical course variability. We examined effects of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) val66met genotype and early life stress (ELS) upon illness severity and chronicity in adult BD patients. Methods: 80 patients (43 BD I, 33 BD II,..HPA axis genes may modulate the effect of childhood adversities on decision-making in suicide attempters
Journal of Psychiatric Research
Nov 2012
HPA axis genes may modulate the effect of childhood adversities on decision-making in suicide attempters
Decision-making impairment is found in several neuropsychiatric disorders, including suicidal behavior, and has been shown to be modulated by genes. On the other hand, early trauma have/has been associated with poor mental health outcome in adulthood, in interaction with genetic factors, possibly through sustained..Antidepressant-like effect of trans-resveratrol in chronic stress model: Behavioral and neurochemical evidences
Journal of Psychiatric Research
Nov 2012
Antidepressant-like effect of trans-resveratrol in chronic stress model: Behavioral and neurochemical evidences
Trans-resveratrol is a phenolic compound enriched in polygonum cuspidatum and has diverse biological activities. There is only limited information about the antidepressant-like effect of trans-resveratrol. The present study investigated whether trans-resveratrol has antidepressant-like activity in rats exposed to..The predictive validity of Expressed Emotions (EE) in schizophrenia. A 20-year prospective study
Journal of Psychiatric Research
Nov 2012
The predictive validity of Expressed Emotions (EE) in schizophrenia. A 20-year prospective study
Background: The level of expressed emotions in the family (EE) and components thereof (emotional over-involvement EOI, and critical comments CC) have been found to be related to treatment outcomes in psychotic patients. One point of interest is the dynamic of various outcomes in relation to initial EE, CC and EOI..Secondary salutogenic effects in veterans whose parents were Holocaust survivors?
Journal of Psychiatric Research
Nov 2012
Secondary salutogenic effects in veterans whose parents were Holocaust survivors?
Addressing the ongoing controversy over inter-generational transmission of trauma, we examined the impact of the Nazi Holocaust on PTSD course and co-morbid symptoms (e.g., depression, anxiety) among offspring of survivors following their own adversity in two longitudinal studies. Two samples of Israeli war veterans..Indicators of domestic/intimate partner violence are structured by genetic and nonshared environmental influences
Journal of Psychiatric Research
Nov 2012
Indicators of domestic/intimate partner violence are structured by genetic and nonshared environmental influences
One of the most consistent findings to emerge from domestic/intimate partner violence (IPV) research is that IPV tends to “run in the family.” Social learning theories appear to be consistent with empirical data, but almost no attention has been given to alternative explanations, including that genetic factors explain..Hoarding and the multi-faceted construct of impulsivity: A cross-cultural investigation
Journal of Psychiatric Research
Nov 2012
Hoarding and the multi-faceted construct of impulsivity: A cross-cultural investigation
The proposed hoarding disorder represents a serious psychiatric condition and considerable public health burden. Although tremendous strides have been made in understanding the phenomenology and treatment of this condition, many features regarding the etiology and nosology remain unclear. In particular, the association..Cholesterol and phospholipids in frontal cortex and synaptosomes of suicide completers: Relationship with endosomal lipid trafficking genes
Journal of Psychiatric Research
Nov 2012
Cholesterol and phospholipids in frontal cortex and synaptosomes of suicide completers: Relationship with endosomal lipid trafficking genes
Cholesterol (CHL) and phospholipid (PL) levels in synaptosomal membranes in particular can have an impact on cell signalling. Alterations in peripheral CHL measures have been consistently reported in suicidal behaviour. As CHL and PL turnover in the brain are important in synapse maintenance and function, the objective..Indicators of domestic/intimate partner violence are structured by genetic and nonshared environmental influences
Journal of Psychiatric Research
Nov 2012
Indicators of domestic/intimate partner violence are structured by genetic and nonshared environmental influences
One of the most consistent findings to emerge from domestic/intimate partner violence (IPV) research is that IPV tends to “run in the family.” Social learning theories appear to be consistent with empirical data, but almost no attention has been given to alternative explanations, including that genetic factors explain..The dietary pattern of patients with schizophrenia: A systematic review
Journal of Psychiatric Research
Nov 2012
The dietary pattern of patients with schizophrenia: A systematic review
Objective: People with schizophrenia show a high incidence of metabolic syndrome, which is associated with a high mortality from cardiovascular disease. The aetiology of the metabolic syndrome in schizophrenia is multi-factorial and may involve antipsychotic treatment, high levels of stress and unhealthy lifestyle,..Antidepressant-like effect of trans-resveratrol in chronic stress model: Behavioral and neurochemical evidences
Journal of Psychiatric Research
Nov 2012
Antidepressant-like effect of trans-resveratrol in chronic stress model: Behavioral and neurochemical evidences
Objective: People with schizophrenia show a high incidence of metabolic syndrome, which is associated with a high mortality from cardiovascular disease. The aetiology of the metabolic syndrome in schizophrenia is multi-factorial and may involve antipsychotic treatment, high levels of stress and unhealthy lifestyle,..Cannabis withdrawal in chronic cannabis users with schizophrenia
Journal of Psychiatric Research
Nov 2012
Cannabis withdrawal in chronic cannabis users with schizophrenia
Background: Chronic users of cannabis often report withdrawal symptoms after abstinence from use, but little is known about cannabis withdrawal in people with schizophrenia. Methods: Cannabis use patterns and withdrawal symptoms in adults with schizophrenia who had at least weekly cannabis use before attempting to quit..DISC1 (disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1) is associated with cortical grey matter volumes in the human brain: A voxel-based morphometry (VBM) study
Journal of Psychiatric Research
Nov 2012
DISC1 (disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1) is associated with cortical grey matter volumes in the human brain: A voxel-based morphometry (VBM) study
DISC1 (Disrupted-In-Schizophrenia 1), one of the top candidate genes for schizophrenia, has been associated with a range of major mental illnesses over the last two decades. DISC1 is crucially involved in neurodevelopmental processes of the human brain. Several haplotypes and single nucleotide polymorphisms..Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met and adulthood chronic stress interact to affect depressive symptoms
Journal of Psychiatric Research
Nov 2012
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met and adulthood chronic stress interact to affect depressive symptoms
Background: BDNF Val66Met by chronic stress interaction has been studied using childhood stress as a moderator, but has not been widely studied using chronic stress in adulthood. Methods: Two independent samples were used: Duke-CG (238 Caucasians) and MESA (5524 Caucasians, African Americans and Hispanics). Chronic..Unaffected control of distractor interference in schizophrenia: A meta-analysis of incompatibility slowing in flanker tasks
Journal of Psychiatric Research
Nov 2012
Unaffected control of distractor interference in schizophrenia: A meta-analysis of incompatibility slowing in flanker tasks
In schizophrenia research executive functions have been frequently reported to be impaired on a global level, largely ignoring the fact that the term executive functions refers to a collection of cognitive functions, which may be affected independently of each other. In the present meta-analysis we were able to show..The role of BDNF, NTRK2 gene and their interaction in development of treatment-resistant depression: Data from multicenter, prospective, longitudinal clinic practice
Journal of Psychiatric Research
Nov 2012
The role of BDNF, NTRK2 gene and their interaction in development of treatment-resistant depression: Data from multicenter, prospective, longitudinal clinic practice
Background: Although genetic variants may play a key role in development of treatment-resistant depression (TRD), relevant research is scarce. Methods: To examine whether the polymorphisms of BDNF (rs6265) and NTRK2 (rs1387923, rs2769605 and rs1565445) genes confer risk for TRD in major depressive disorder (MDD), a..Executive functions rehabilitation for schizophrenia: A critical systematic review
Journal of Psychiatric Research
Nov 2012
Executive functions rehabilitation for schizophrenia: A critical systematic review
Background: Consistent evidences suggest that poor functional outcomes in schizophrenia are associated with deficits in executive functions (EF). As result cognitive training, remediation and/or rehabilitation (CR) programs have been developed and many theories, methods and approaches have emerged in support of them...Blonanserin for schizophrenia: Systematic review and meta-analysis of double-blind, randomized, controlled trials
Journal of Psychiatric Research
Nov 2012
Blonanserin for schizophrenia: Systematic review and meta-analysis of double-blind, randomized, controlled trials
Background: There is uncertainty about the efficacy and tolerability of blonanserin in schizophrenia. Method: PubMed, the Cochrane Library databases, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar were searched up to September 2012. A systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient data from randomized, controlled trials..Sex differences in fear conditioning in posttraumatic stress disorder
Journal of Psychiatric Research
Oct 2012
Sex differences in fear conditioning in posttraumatic stress disorder
Background Women are twice as likely as men to develop Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Abnormal acquisition of conditioned fear has been suggested as a mechanism for the development of PTSD. While some studies of healthy humans suggest that women are either no different or express less conditioned fear responses..A new type of scale for determining remission from depression: The Remission from Depression Questionnaire
Journal of Psychiatric Research
Oct 2012
A new type of scale for determining remission from depression: The Remission from Depression Questionnaire
Current standards for treating major depressive disorder (MDD) recommend that achieving remission should be considered the principal goal of treatment. Recent research suggests that the symptom-based definitions of remission used in efficacy studies do not adequately reflect the perspective of depressed patients..Dysfunctional attitudes as a moderator of pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy for chronic depression
Journal of Psychiatric Research
Oct 2012
Dysfunctional attitudes as a moderator of pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy for chronic depression
Objective: Individuals with chronic depression exhibit heterogeneous responses to treatment. Important individual differences may therefore exist within this particularly difficult to treat population that act as moderators of treatment response. Method: The present study examined whether pretreatment levels of..Family history of schizophrenia as a risk factor for axis I psychiatric conditions
Journal of Psychiatric Research
Oct 2012
Family history of schizophrenia as a risk factor for axis I psychiatric conditions
People with first-degree relatives with schizophrenia are at an elevated risk of developing the disorder themselves. High rates of psychotic symptoms in non-psychotic disorders, high rates of comorbidity in psychotic disorders, and diversity of outcomes following psychosis-risk states together suggest that this..Cocaine Hydrolase Encoded in Viral Vector Blocks the Reinstatement of Cocaine Seeking in Rats for 6 Months
Biological Psychiatry
Jan 2012
Cocaine Hydrolase Encoded in Viral Vector Blocks the Reinstatement of Cocaine Seeking in Rats for 6 Months
Background: Cocaine dependence is a pervasive disorder with high rates of relapse. In a previous study, direct administration of a quadruple mutant albumin-fused butyrylcholinesterase that efficiently catalyzes hydrolysis of cocaine to benzoic acid and ecgonine methyl ester acutely blocked cocaine seeking in an animal..Toward Brief “Red Flags” for Autism Screening: The Short Autism Spectrum Quotient and the Short Quantitative Checklist in 1,000 Cases and 3,000 Controls
Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
Jan 2012
Toward Brief “Red Flags” for Autism Screening: The Short Autism Spectrum Quotient and the Short Quantitative Checklist in 1,000 Cases and 3,000 Controls
Frontline health professionals need a “red flag” tool to aid their decision making about whether to make a referral for a full diagnostic assessment for an autism spectrum condition (ASC) in children and adults. The aim was to identify 10 items on the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ) (Adult, Adolescent, and Child..Reduced striatal activation during reward anticipation due to appetite-provoking cues in chronic schizophrenia: A fMRI study
Schizophrenia Research
Dec 2011
Reduced striatal activation during reward anticipation due to appetite-provoking cues in chronic schizophrenia: A fMRI study
The occurrence of weight gain in schizophrenia (SZ) has profound clinical impact and interacts with antipsychotic medication, life style and disease severity. The functional neuroanatomy underlying altered nutritional behavior is unraveled, but dysregulated reward anticipation might be one of the involved neuronal..Schizophrenia: A five-year follow-up of patient outcome following psycho-education for caregivers
European Psychiatry
Nov 2011
Schizophrenia: A five-year follow-up of patient outcome following psycho-education for caregivers
Introduction: There is evidence that psycho-education courses for caregivers of individuals with schizophrenia improve the short-term outcome of the condition. However, most of the outcome studies are limited to two-year follow-up. Materials and methods: This study is a five-year retrospective case-control follow-up of..Implicit processes in pathological skin picking: Responses to skin irregularities predict symptom severity and treatment susceptibility.
Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry
Sep 2011
Implicit processes in pathological skin picking: Responses to skin irregularities predict symptom severity and treatment susceptibility.
Implicit cognitive processes are relevant in understanding the development and maintenance of psychopathology and dysfunctional behaviours. The present study investigated the role of implicit processes in pathological skin picking (PSP). Using an Approach-Avoidance Task (AAT), we examined automatic response tendencies..The relationship between sensory processing, childhood rituals and obsessive-compulsive symptoms.
Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry
Sep 2011
The relationship between sensory processing, childhood rituals and obsessive-compulsive symptoms.
Studies of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and research in occupational therapy suggest a link between sensory hypersensitivity and excessive use of rituals. The present research constitutes an initial attempt to examine this potential link. In Study 1, parents of 4-6-year old children (N=61) completed the..Depression and associated factors in internal migrant workers in China.
The Journal of Affective Disorders
Jun 2011
Depression and associated factors in internal migrant workers in China.
Internal migrant workers are a large population in China. Current health related studies among this population mainly focused on infectious disease, maternal health and occupational diseases and injuries. However, very limited studies were paid attention to mental health of migrant workers though it is an important..The public health impact of antidepressants: An instrumental variable analysis
The Journal of Affective Disorders
Jun 2011
The public health impact of antidepressants: An instrumental variable analysis
There has been a marked increase in antidepressant medication prescription and use over the past three decades with unclear effects on the mental health status of the population. This study examined the impact of expansion of antidepressant use on prevalence and characteristics of depression and suicidal ideations in..Schema therapy, motivational interviewing, and collaborative-mapping as treatment for depression among low income, second generation Latinas
Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry
May 2011
Schema therapy, motivational interviewing, and collaborative-mapping as treatment for depression among low income, second generation Latinas
US-born Latinos report significantly more depression than foreign-born Latinos in the US, and Latinas have twice the rate of depression than Latino men. The purpose of this pilot study was to test the feasibility of an innovative, short-term program of Schema Therapy (ST) combined with Motivational Interviewing (MI)..
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