Nutrition and Dietetics Medical Journal Abstracts
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Impaired glucose metabolism is a risk factor for increased thyroid volume and nodule prevalence in a mild-to-moderate iodine deficient area
Metabolism
Feb 2013
Impaired glucose metabolism is a risk factor for increased thyroid volume and nodule prevalence in a mild-to-moderate iodine deficient area
Objective: Insulin resistance (IR) is a key factor involved in the pathogenesis of impaired glucose metabolism. IR is associated with increased thyroid volume and nodule prevalence in patients with metabolic syndrome. Data on the association of thyroid morphology and abnormal glucose metabolism are limited. This..Maternal low-protein diet alters the expression of real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction reference genes in an age-, sex-, and organ-dependent manner in rat offspring
Nutrition Research
Feb 2013
Maternal low-protein diet alters the expression of real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction reference genes in an age-, sex-, and organ-dependent manner in rat offspring
Altered perinatal environment, often manifested as low birth weight, is thought to contribute to greater susceptibility for hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes as a result of epigenetic modifications and alteration of transcriptional activity for key genes. Real-time polymerase chain reaction is a useful..Metabolically obese status with normal weight is associated with both the prevalence and severity of angiographic coronary artery disease
Metabolism
Feb 2013
Metabolically obese status with normal weight is associated with both the prevalence and severity of angiographic coronary artery disease
Objective: We evaluated prevalence and severity of angiographic coronary artery disease (CAD) according to groups by metabolically obese (MO) and/or weight status. Material/methods: Normal weight was defined as body mass index (BMI, kg/m2)<25 and obesity was defined as BMI≥25. The MO was determined using the National..A single portion of blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L) improves protection against DNA damage but not vascular function in healthy male volunteers
Nutrition Research
Feb 2013
A single portion of blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L) improves protection against DNA damage but not vascular function in healthy male volunteers
It has been suggested that anthocyanin-rich foods may exert antioxidant effects and improve vascular function as demonstrated mainly in vitro and in the animal model. Blueberries are rich sources of anthocyanins and we hypothesized that their intake could improve cell protection against oxidative stress and affect..Folic acid and vitamin B12 supplementation lowers plasma homocysteine but has no effect on serum bone turnover markers in elderly women: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Nutrition Research
Feb 2013
Folic acid and vitamin B12 supplementation lowers plasma homocysteine but has no effect on serum bone turnover markers in elderly women: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
An elevated homocysteine level is a newly recognized risk factor for osteoporosis. Older individuals may have elevated homocysteine levels due to inadequate folate intake and/or lower absorption of vitamin B12. The aim of this study was to determine whether there is an impact of folic acid and vitamin B12..Individualized vitamin A supplementation for patients with cystic fibrosis
Clinical Nutrition
Feb 2013
Individualized vitamin A supplementation for patients with cystic fibrosis
Background & aims: To determine the vitamin A status and appropriate supplementation dosage of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients who received vitamin A supplementation based on annual serum retinol measurements. Methods: Vitamin A food intake, supplementation dosage, and serum retinol levels were obtained for 32 CF..Glutamine and arginine improve permeability and tight junction protein expression in methotrexate-treated Caco-2 cells
Clinical Nutrition
Feb 2013
Glutamine and arginine improve permeability and tight junction protein expression in methotrexate-treated Caco-2 cells
Background & aims: Chemotherapy induces an increase of intestinal permeability that is partially related to an alteration of tight junction proteins, occludin and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1). Protective effects of glutamine on intestinal barrier function have been previously shown but the effects of other amino acids..Whole-body glucose oxidation rate during prolonged exercise in type 1 diabetic patients under usual life conditions
Metabolism
Feb 2013
Whole-body glucose oxidation rate during prolonged exercise in type 1 diabetic patients under usual life conditions
Objective: Fuel oxidation during exercise was studied in type 1 insulin-dependent (T1DM) patients mainly under quite constant insulin and glycemia; these protocols, however, likely do not reflect patients’ usual metabolic conditions. The glucose oxidation rate (GLUox) in T1DM patients under usual life conditions was..Association of serum proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 with carotid intima media thickness in hypertensive subjects
Metabolism
Feb 2013
Association of serum proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 with carotid intima media thickness in hypertensive subjects
Objective: The clinical significance of the measurement of serum PCSK9 (proprotein subtilisin kexin type 9) is not well defined. This study investigated the association between serum PCSK9 levels and atherosclerosis assessed by carotid intima media thickness (IMT) in hypertensive patients. Methods: A total of 126..Branched chain amino acids are novel biomarkers for discrimination of metabolic wellness
Metabolism
Feb 2013
Branched chain amino acids are novel biomarkers for discrimination of metabolic wellness
Objective: To identify novel biomarkers through metabolomic profiles that distinguish metabolically well (MW) from metabolically unwell (MUW) individuals, independent of body mass index (BMI). Materials/Methods: This study was conducted as part of the Measurement to Understand the Reclassification of Disease of..Vitamin D metabolism in human bone marrow stromal (mesenchymal stem) cells
Metabolism
Feb 2013
Vitamin D metabolism in human bone marrow stromal (mesenchymal stem) cells
There are many human extra-renal tissues and cells that biosynthesize 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1α,25(OH)2D) by the action of CYP27B1/1α-hydroxylase. Human marrow stromal cells (hMSCs), also known as mesenchymal stem cells, were isolated from marrow discarded from well-characterized, consented subjects during common..Establishing computed tomography–defined visceral fat area thresholds for use in obesity-related cancer research
Nutrition Research
Feb 2013
Establishing computed tomography–defined visceral fat area thresholds for use in obesity-related cancer research
Excess visceral adiposity is associated with increased gastrointestinal cancer risk. Evidence suggests that the systemic inflammation and dysmetabolism observed in visceral obesity underpins this association. Along with magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography is a gold standard for abdominal fat quantification..Green tea supplementation increases glutathione and plasma antioxidant capacity in adults with the metabolic syndrome
Nutrition Research
Feb 2013
Green tea supplementation increases glutathione and plasma antioxidant capacity in adults with the metabolic syndrome
Green tea, a popular polyphenol-containing beverage, has been shown to alleviate clinical features of the metabolic syndrome. However, its effects in endogenous antioxidant biomarkers are not clearly understood. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that green tea supplementation will upregulate antioxidant parameters..Balearic adults have low intakes of fruits and vegetables compared with the dietary guidelines for adults in Spain
Nutrition Research
Feb 2013
Balearic adults have low intakes of fruits and vegetables compared with the dietary guidelines for adults in Spain
Nutrition is recognized as one of the major health determinants, and so a healthy diet may contribute to the delay or prevention of an important number of chronic diseases. The aim of this study was to assess the current food consumption habits of the Balearic Islands adult population. A cross-sectional nutritional..Sarcopenia: prevalence and prognostic significance in hospitalized patients
Clinical Nutrition
Feb 2013
Sarcopenia: prevalence and prognostic significance in hospitalized patients
Background: Sarcopenia is prevalent in older populations with many causes and varying outcomes however information for use in clinical practice is still lacking. Aims: The aim of this report is to identify the clinical determinants and prognostic significance of sarcopenia in a cohort of hospitalized acutely ill older..Highland Guatemalan women are extremely short of stature, and no lactation duration effects on body composition are observed in a cross-sectional survey
Nutrition Research
Jan 2013
Highland Guatemalan women are extremely short of stature, and no lactation duration effects on body composition are observed in a cross-sectional survey
Early linear growth in Guatemala has historically been compromised, resulting in adults of short stature. We hypothesized that the rate of short stature among mothers in the Western Highlands would have tracked from their own childhood when younger than 5 years, and that maternal weight declines progressively from..Comparison of 5% versus 15% sucrose intakes as part of a eucaloric diet in overweight and obese subjects: Effects on insulin sensitivity, glucose metabolism, vascular compliance, body composition and lipid profile. A Randomised Controlled Trial
Metabolism
Jan 2013
Comparison of 5% versus 15% sucrose intakes as part of a eucaloric diet in overweight and obese subjects: Effects on insulin sensitivity, glucose metabolism, vascular compliance, body composition and lipid profile. A Randomised Controlled Trial
Aims: The effect of dietary sucrose on insulin resistance and the pathogenesis of diabetes and vascular disease is unclear. We assessed the effect of 5% versus 15% sucrose intakes as part of a weight maintaining, eucaloric diet in overweight/obese subjects. Methods: Thirteen subjects took part in a randomised..Dietary sodium intake and prevalence of overweight in adults
Metabolism
Jan 2013
Dietary sodium intake and prevalence of overweight in adults
Objective: There has been no convincing evidence for a direct relation between sodium intake and being overweight. Therefore, we investigated the independent relationship between overweight and sodium intake in human subjects. Methods: Of those aged 19 to 64years who participated in the 4th Korea National Health and..Renin Inhibition and AT1R blockade improve metabolic signaling, oxidant stress and myocardial tissue remodeling
Metabolism
Jan 2013
Renin Inhibition and AT1R blockade improve metabolic signaling, oxidant stress and myocardial tissue remodeling
Objective: Strategies that block angiotensin II actions on its angiotensin type 1 receptor or inhibit actions of aldosterone have been shown to reduce myocardial hypertrophy and interstitial fibrosis in states of insulin resistance. Thereby, we sought to determine if combination of direct renin inhibition with..Familial hypercholesterolemia affects microvascular autoregulation in children
Metabolism
Jan 2013
Familial hypercholesterolemia affects microvascular autoregulation in children
Objective: Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) impairs macrovascular endothelial function in childhood and causes an increase of cardiovascular risk in later life. Whether microvascular function is affected in children with FH is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of FH on microvascular..Cellular mechanisms regulating fuel metabolism in mammals: Role of adipose tissue and lipids during prolonged food deprivation
Metabolism
Jan 2013
Cellular mechanisms regulating fuel metabolism in mammals: Role of adipose tissue and lipids during prolonged food deprivation
Food deprivation in mammals results in profound changes in fuel metabolism and substrate regulation. Among these changes are decreased reliance on the counter-regulatory dynamics by insulin-glucagon due to reduced glucose utilization, and increased concentrations of lipid substrates in plasma to meet the energetic..Expression of p27Kip1, a cell cycle repressor protein, is inversely associated with potential carcinogenic risk in the genetic rodent models of obesity and long-lived Ames dwarf mice
Metabolism
Jan 2013
Expression of p27Kip1, a cell cycle repressor protein, is inversely associated with potential carcinogenic risk in the genetic rodent models of obesity and long-lived Ames dwarf mice
Introduction: The association of genetic rodent models of obesity and cancer still remains a controversial issue. Although this controversy has largely been resolved in recent years for homozygous leptin receptor-deficient obese Zucker rats and homozygous long-lived Ames dwarf mice, it is still unresolved for..Flaxseed oil does not affect inflammatory markers and lipid profile compared to olive oil, in young, healthy, normal weight adults
Metabolism
Jan 2013
Flaxseed oil does not affect inflammatory markers and lipid profile compared to olive oil, in young, healthy, normal weight adults
Objective: Olive oil (OO) is a rich source of monounsaturated fat and bioactive components that exert strong anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Flaxseed oil (FO) is rich in α-linolenic n-3 fatty acid (ALA), which also exhibits anti-inflammatory effects. This randomized, cross-over study aimed at exploring..Integrating user perspectives into the development of a web-based weight management intervention
Clinical Obesity
Jan 2013
Integrating user perspectives into the development of a web-based weight management intervention
The objective of this study was to adapt the design of our weight management intervention to the needs, expectations and capabilities of potential users. In study 1, we interviewed 25 people about their experiences of weight management. The findings of these interviews were combined with findings from existing theory..Socio-demographic and obstetrical correlates of pre-pregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain
Clinical Obesity
Jan 2013
Socio-demographic and obstetrical correlates of pre-pregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain
Both pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) are important determinants of a healthy pregnancy outcome and may show important variation. To study the influence of socio-demographic and obstetrical correlates on pre-pregnancy BMI and GWG, data of 54 022 singleton term pregnancies were..Development and validation of a new questionnaire measuring eating disordered behaviours post bariatric surgery
Clinical Obesity
Jan 2013
Development and validation of a new questionnaire measuring eating disordered behaviours post bariatric surgery
Contextualization of post-surgery circumstances in terms of key behaviours and emotions related to eating is crucial for reliable screening. Disordered eating post surgery is characterized by frequent snacking and a sense of loss of control over food intake. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometric..High ferritin and low transferrin saturation are associated with pre-diabetes among a national representative sample of U.S. adults
Clinical Nutrition
Jan 2013
High ferritin and low transferrin saturation are associated with pre-diabetes among a national representative sample of U.S. adults
Background & aims: Iron overload is known to cause diabetes. However, the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. We therefore studied the association of different markers of iron metabolism, namely ferritin, erythrocyte protoporphyrin and transferrin saturation (TSAT, as defined by a percentage of transferrin that..Homocysteine-lowering therapy with folic acid is effective in cardiovascular disease prevention in patients with kidney disease: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Clinical Nutrition
Jan 2013
Homocysteine-lowering therapy with folic acid is effective in cardiovascular disease prevention in patients with kidney disease: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Background & aims: The efficacy of homocysteine-lowering therapy with folic acid to lower homocysteine levels in an effort to reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in patients with kidney disease remains inconclusive. We conducted a meta-analysis of relevant randomized trials to further examine this issue. Methods:..High dietary fiber intake prevents stroke at a population level
Clinical Nutrition
Jan 2013
High dietary fiber intake prevents stroke at a population level
Background & aims: This research was aimed at clarifying whether high dietary fiber intake has an impact on incidence and risk of stroke at a population level. Methods: In 1647 unselected subjects, dietary fiber intake (DFI) was detected in a 12-year population-based study, using other dietary variables, anagraphics,..Randomised placebo-controlled intervention with n-3 LC-PUFA-supplemented yoghurt: effects on circulating eicosanoids and cardiovascular risk factors
Clinical Nutrition
Jan 2013
Randomised placebo-controlled intervention with n-3 LC-PUFA-supplemented yoghurt: effects on circulating eicosanoids and cardiovascular risk factors
Background & aims: The study examined the value of n-3 LC-PUFA-enriched yogurt as means of improving cardiovascular health. Design: Fifty three mildly hypertriacylglycerolemic subjects (TAG ≥ 1.7 mmol/L) participated in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel designed study. The subjects consumed 1)..Risk factors associated with the metabolic syndrome in abdominal obesity
Clinical Obesity
Dec 2012
Risk factors associated with the metabolic syndrome in abdominal obesity
Obesity is associated with the metabolic syndrome. However, not all obese individuals have cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF). It is not clear how many abdominally obese individuals are free of CVRF and what distinguishes them from the group of obese individuals with CVRF. In this study, we aimed to assess the..Qualitative content analysis of online news media coverage of weight loss surgery and related reader comments
Clinical Obesity
Nov 2012
Qualitative content analysis of online news media coverage of weight loss surgery and related reader comments
The media has the ability to affect public opinion and policy direction. Prevalence of morbid obesity in Canada is increasing; as is the only effective long-term treatment, weight loss surgery (WLS). Limited research has explored media re/presentations of WLS. The purpose of this study was to examine national online..IL-33, but not thymic stromal lymphopoietin or IL-25, is central to mite and peanut allergic sensitization
Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
Sep 2012
IL-33, but not thymic stromal lymphopoietin or IL-25, is central to mite and peanut allergic sensitization
Background: Allergen exposure at lung and gut mucosae can lead to aberrant TH2 immunity and allergic disease. The epithelium-associated cytokines thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), IL-25, and IL-33 are suggested to be important for the initiation of these responses. Objective: We sought to investigate the..Mechanisms of Tolerance Induction in Allergic Disease: Integrating Current and Emerging Concepts
Clinical & Experimental Allergy
Sep 2012
Mechanisms of Tolerance Induction in Allergic Disease: Integrating Current and Emerging Concepts
The prevalence of atopy and allergic disease continues to escalate worldwide. Defining immune mechanisms that suppress the underlying Th2-driven inflammatory processes is critical for the rational design of new treatments to prevent or attenuate disease. Allergen immunotherapy has provided a useful framework for..In silico prediction of Ara h 2 T cell epitopes in peanut allergic children
Clinical & Experimental Allergy
Sep 2012
In silico prediction of Ara h 2 T cell epitopes in peanut allergic children
Background: Despite the frequency and severity of peanut allergy, the only approved treatment is strict avoidance. Different types of immunotherapy with crude peanut extract are not universally effective and have been associated with relatively high adverse reaction rates. Objective: We sought to determine whether in..Explaining Dietary Intake in Adolescent Girls from Disadvantaged Secondary Schools: A Test of Social Cognitive Theory
Appetite
Dec 2011
Explaining Dietary Intake in Adolescent Girls from Disadvantaged Secondary Schools: A Test of Social Cognitive Theory
Much of the research on the determinants of dietary behavior has been guided by Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory (SCT), yet few studies have tested the utility of its proposed structural paths. The aim of this paper was to test the capacity of SCT to explain dietary behaviors in a sample of 357 adolescent girls (13.2..Daily profiles of energy and nutrient intakes: are eating profiles changing over time?
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Dec 2011
Daily profiles of energy and nutrient intakes: are eating profiles changing over time?
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Associations between timing of eating occasions and their nutrient composition and health have been described in interventional and cross-sectional studies. However, data from longitudinal data are limited. This study examined 17-year changes in energy and macronutrient intake across eating..Cholesterol-lowering properties of different pectin types in mildly hyper-cholesterolemic men and women
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Dec 2011
Cholesterol-lowering properties of different pectin types in mildly hyper-cholesterolemic men and women
Background/Objectives: Viscous fibers typically reduce total cholesterol (TC) by 3–7% in humans. The cholesterol-lowering properties of the viscous fiber pectin may depend on its physico-chemical properties (viscosity, molecular weight (MW) and degree of esterification (DE)), but these are not typically described in..Alcohol and macronutrient intake patterns are related to general and central adiposity
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Nov 2011
Alcohol and macronutrient intake patterns are related to general and central adiposity
Background/Objectives: Alcohol and dietary fat have high energy densities and may therefore be related to body weight and fat deposition. We studied associations between alcohol and macronutrient intake patterns and general and central adiposity. Subjects/Methods: A population-based cross-sectional study of 524 men and..Effect of nutrition education on exclusive breastfeeding for nutritional outcome of low birth weight babies
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Nov 2011
Effect of nutrition education on exclusive breastfeeding for nutritional outcome of low birth weight babies
Background/Objectives: Low birth weight (LBW), defined as the body weight at birth of less than 2500 g, is a major public health problem in Bangladesh, where 37% of the babies are born with LBW. The objective of this study is to see the impact of nutrition education on growth of LBW babies with early initiation and..Silk protein hydrolysate increases glucose uptake through up-regulation of GLUT 4 and reduces the expression of leptin in 3T3-L1 fibroblast
Nutrition Research
Nov 2011
Silk protein hydrolysate increases glucose uptake through up-regulation of GLUT 4 and reduces the expression of leptin in 3T3-L1 fibroblast
The purpose of our research was to test the hypothesis that silk protein hydrolysate increases glucose uptake in cultured murine embryonic fibroblasts. Insulin sensitizing activity was observed in a cell-based glucose uptake assay using 3T3-L1 embryonic fibroblasts. The treatment of 1 mg/mL of silk peptide E5K6 plus..Aberrant DNA methylation of cancer-associated genes in gastric cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC-EURGAST)
Cancer Letters
Jul 2011
Aberrant DNA methylation of cancer-associated genes in gastric cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC-EURGAST)
Epigenetic events have emerged as key mechanisms in the regulation of critical biological processes and in the development of a wide variety of human malignancies, including gastric cancer (GC), however precise gene targets of aberrant DNA methylation in GC remain largely unknown. Here, we have combined..High serum fasting peptide YY (3-36) is associated with obesity-associated insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes
Regulatory Peptides
May 2011
High serum fasting peptide YY (3-36) is associated with obesity-associated insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes
We studied whether serum fasting levels of active form of peptide YY (PYY), PYY(3-36), are associated with obesity and related phenotypes. The study population consisted of 428 patients with coronary artery disease and diagnosed type 2 diabetes and 440 patients with coronary artery disease but without evidence of..The molecular weight, solubility and viscosity of oat beta-glucan affect human glycemic response by modifying starch digestibility
Food Chemistry
May 2011
The molecular weight, solubility and viscosity of oat beta-glucan affect human glycemic response by modifying starch digestibility
The interaction between oat beta-glucan and other food components has the potential to influence starch digestibility and consequently affect its bioactivity in reducing glycemic responses. Blood glucose concentrations were measured before and after ingesting wheat and oat granolas, with 0.6 and 6.2 g of beta-glucan,..
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