Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive, neurodegenerative disease which will affect most of us at one point in time - either directly (as the prevalence is expected to quadruple over the next 50 years) or indirectly through the suffering of a loved one.

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Arthritis is a complex disorder that comprises more than 100 distinct musculoskeletal conditions and can affect people at any stage of life. Arthritis causes joint pain, loss of movement, and inflammation. Common forms of arthritis include osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis. Both OA and RA are chronic and incurable but respond well to intervention..

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Asthma is a disorder defined by its clinical, physiological, and pathological characteristics. The main physiological feature of asthma is episodic airway obstruction characterized by expiratory airflow limitation. The dominant pathological feature is airway inflammation, sometimes associated with airway structural changes..  

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BPH is a non-malignant enlargement of the prostate gland accompanied by characteristic signs and symptoms, and is one of the most common conditions affecting older men.

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Cholesterol is a soft waxy substance present in all cells of the body. Most tissues can produce cholesterol, but it is synthesised primarily in the liver and small intestine. Approximately 50% of the cholesterol requirement is synthesised, whilst the rest is obtained from animal products in the diet. Cholesterol is important in the repair of cell membranes...

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Throughout life, the bone marrow continuously produces a variety of blood cell lineages in a tightly controlled, yet flexible process termed haematopoiesis1. The 2 main groups of mature blood cells are red blood cells (RBCs) and white blood cells (WBCs), or leukocytes...

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The prognosis of patients with diabetes is improved by interventions that reduce HbA1C which is influenced by both fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels. Postprandial hyperglycaemia per se is also an independent risk factor for adverse cardiovascular outcomes and complications of diabetes.

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Gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal tumours of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Before the current definition of GIST evolved, GISTs were classified as benign or malignant smooth muscle tumours including true smooth muscle tumours (leiomyomas, leiomyoblastomas, leiomyosarcomas) and neuronal tumours (schwannomas)

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Hepatitis can be caused by many different things including viral infections, parasites, bacteria, chemicals, autoimmunity, drugs or alcohol. Of these, viral infection is the most common cause of chronic (long-term) hepatitis, which can lead to severe liver damage including cirrhosis and liver cancer.

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Worldwide, every two minutes a woman dies of cervical cancer. Globally, cancer of the cervix is the second most prevalent cancer in women, causing nearly 500,000 new cases per year, and the third leading cause of female cancer deaths after breast and lung cancer. Each year an estimated 270,000 women die from the disease, 85% of whom are from the developing world.

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Hypertension, an increasingly common and chronic disease, and its consequences like stroke, coronary heart disease, heart failure and renal damage mean an enormous financial burden for the community.

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Insomnia is a very common and debilitating disease with major morbidity and social consequences. Despite the negative impact on the ability to function well during the day, insomnia is underdiagnosed and undertreated.

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Lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) are a group of progressive and often fatal genetic diseases that are caused by an inborn error of metabolism.

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This resource is aimed at physicians who are involved in the diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of men with hypogonadism. It aims to provide a better understanding of the epidemiology and etiology of male hypogonadism, the diagnostic procedures and the available treatment options for hypogonadal men.

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Meningitis is an acute inflammation of the meninges, a system of membranes that surround the brain and spine. It is mainly caused by bacteria and viruses but may occasionally be caused by fungi and amoebae..

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Migraine is a common neurological disorder characterised by recurrent episodes of headache pain with associated symptoms including nausea, vomiting, sensitivity to light and sound, and, in a minority of patients, transient neurological symptoms, with visual disturbances being the most common.

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The NSCLC's account for 80% of all lung cancers and can be further subdivided into squamous-cell carcinoma, large-cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma (which includes bronchioloalveolar-cell carcinoma [BAC]).

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Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of legal blindness among people over the age of 50 in the Western world. It affects the macula, the central part of the retina. As the photoreceptors begin to deteriorate, so does the central vision needed for everyday activities such as reading or driving.

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Opioid analgesics are used to relieve moderate to severe pain. They can be used in the acute setting and are also appropriate for the treatment of certain cases of persistent non-cancer pain.

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Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive, degenerative disorder of the central nervous system, which causes increasing disability over time. PD predominantly occurs in people over the age of 50 and is the commonest neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer’s disease that a physician will encounter.

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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is characterised by a gradual and permanent loss of kidney function that worsens as it progresses from stages 1 to 5. One of the most common complications of CKD is anaemia. Renal anaemia is secondary to chronic kidney disease (CKD) and it appears early in the course of CKD, worsening as it progresses.

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Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is the third most common cardiovascular disease after coronary disease and stroke.  The clinical diagnosis of VTE is unreliable and VTE is often silent. Only about half the patients suspected of having deep vein thrombosis (DVT) actually have the disease.  Unrecognised and untreated VTE may lead to harmful consequences.

Learn more about Thrombosis..