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Ear, Nose and Throat Topic Homepage
Ear, Nose and Throat Overview
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Otorhinolaryngology (literally "study of the ear, nose and larynx") is the branch of medicine that specialises in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases affecting the region of the head and neck.
The head and neck combines a set of organs with distinct but related functions.1 Ears, nose and mouth are sensory organs that allow us to hear, smell, and taste.1 Oral and nasal cavities also allow the passage of air and nutrients essential to the body.1
Mucous membranes lining the nasal cavity and mouth may be infected by many microorganisms.1 Otitis, rhinitis, sinusitis and...
... laryngitis are common diseases, particularly in childhood.1
The diseases affecting nose and throat are often associated with environment and lifestyle.2 Smoking and alcohol consumption are strongly implicated.2 Studies have shown that passive smoking increases the prevalence of otitis media among children 3 and acute and chronic rhinitis among general population.4
Smoking is also the main risk factor for developing head and neck (H&N) cancers.2 H&N cancers include different cancers developing from the head and neck region including; the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, salivary glands and other sites of the head and neck.2 In Europe H&N cancer accounted for approximately 143 000 new cases in 2007, and were responsible of more than 68 000 deaths.2 However, over the past two decades, thanks to public health efforts at tobacco control, the incidence of H&N cancers has decreased.2
1. Beers M.H. et al. The Merck manual of medical information. Merck research laboratories. Second home edition. 2003 : 1243-1274.
2. Lacau St Guily J. et al. Head and neck cancers in France: an analysis of the hospital medical information system (PMSI) database. Head & Neck Oncology. September 2010 ; 2 : 22.
3. Ilicali Ö.C. et al. Relationship of Passive Cigarette Smoking to Otitis Media. Archives of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery. July 1999 ; 125 (7) : 758-762.
4. Tammemagi M.C. et al. Secondhand Smoke as a Potential Cause of Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Case-Control Study. Archives of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery. April 2010 ; 136 (4) : 327-334.
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Drug News
Lymphoseek (Navidea) success in Head and Neck cancer trial
06-04-2013
Navidea Biopharmaceuticals, Inc. announced top-line results from the interim analysis of its Phase III clinical trial, NEO3-06, of Lymphoseek (technetium 99m tilmanocept) Injection in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Results of the pre-planned interim analysis demonstrated that Lymphoseek met the primary efficacy endpoint of accurately identifying sentinel lymph nodes...
FDA approves Karbinal ER (Tris Pharma) for Allergic Rhinitis
05-04-2013The FDA has on 3 April 2013 approved a New Drug Application (NDA) for Karbinal ER (carbinoxamine maleate) Extended-release Oral Suspension 4mg/5ml, from Tris Pharma, being the first sustained-release histamine receptor blocking agent indicated for the treatment of seasonal and perennial Allergic Rhinitis in children ages 2 and up.
Prior to 2006, carbinoxamine was widely used, with...
Dymista(Meda AB) is EU approved via decentralised procedure for Allergic Rhinitis
15-03-2013
Dymista (azelastine hydrochloride and fluticasone propionate)from Meda AB has received medical approval in Europe via the decentralized registration procedure. Dymista is approved for the treatment of seasonal and perennial Allergic Rhinitis and is now approved by the MHRA in the UK .
National registration processes, including negotiations regarding pricing and reimbursement, will now...
Ear, Nose and Throat Drug Data - A-Z
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Recent Drug Updates
Avamys
07-05-2013Adults, adolescents (12 years and over) and children (6 – 11 years) Avamys is indicated for the treatment of: • the symptoms of allergic rhinitis...
Corsodyl (chlorhexidine) spray
26-02-2013For inhibition of the formation of dental plaque. As an aid in the treatment and prevention of gingivitis and in the maintenance of oral hygiene, particularly in situations where toothbrushing...
Gentisone HC Ear Drops
11-01-2013Gentisone HC ear drops are indicated: 1. For the treatment of eczema and infection of the outer ear (otitis externa). 2. For prophylaxis against otitis externa following trauma. 3. ...
Clinical Guidelines
ESCMID Guideline for the Management of Acute Sore Throat
Apr 2012Acute sore throat is a symptom often caused by an inflammatory process in the pharynx, tonsils or..
... nasopharynx. Most of these cases are of viral origin and occur as a part of the common cold.
The European Society for Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases established the Sore Throat Guideline Group to write an updated guideline to diagnose and treat patients with acute sore throat.
BSACI guidelines: Immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis
Aug 2011This guidance is for the management of AR in patients that have failed to achieve adequate relief of..
... symptoms despite treatment with intranasal corticosteroids and/or antihistamines. The guideline is based on evidence and is for use by both adult physicians and paediatricians practising allergy.
Online CME
Clinical Review - Meniere's Disease
Apr 2013
... disease as well as the role of vestibular rehabilitation in the management
Quality of Life and Angioedema: Evolving a Treatment Plan
Apr 2013
... care physicians, nurse practitioners, physician assistants, gastroenterologists, dermatologists, emergency department physicians, surgeons, ENTs, obstetricians/gynecologists, and clinical pharmacists.
Clinical Trials
A Multicenter Phase II Pilot Open Label (BKM120)
04-04-2013Due to the high frequency of activation of PI3K and downstream effectors in progressive, recurrent and poorly differentiated cancers, inhibition of the PI3K signaling pathway with BKM120, a potent pan class I PI3K inhibitor, represents a particularly relevant therapeutic target and should be properly evaluated in..
... advanced follicular and poorly differentiated thyroid carcinomas
Phase I Trial: T4 Immunotherapy of Head and Neck Cancer
19-03-2013The overall goal of this study is to investigate the safety of T4 immunotherapy when administered to treat loco-regional disease in Squamous Cell Cancer of the Head and Neck (SCCHN) that is not suitable for conventional active therapy. The investigators propose to conduct an open-labelled, non-randomized,..
... dose-escalation phase I trial in which autologous T4+ T-cells are administered to patients with SCCHN. T-cells will be engineered to express a second generation chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) named T1E28z. Engineered T-cells will be injected directly into the tumour site. Patients will not be lymphodepleted. A classical 3+3 design will be employed, with dose escalation from 10^7 through to 10^9 transduced T4+ T-cells, dependent upon toxicity monitoring. It is anticipated that up to 30 patients will be enrolled over the course of the study.
Medical Videos
Medical Journal Abstracts
Salvage surgery of vestibular schwannoma after failed radiotherapy: The Gruppo Otologico experience and review of the literature
American Journal of Otolaryngology
Nov 2012
Objectives: The use of radiation therapy has largely widespread and becomes in many centers the preference modality of treatment for symptomatic patients who are old, medically unfit for surgical therapy, those who refuse surgery and in some recurrent or residual growing tumors. The risk of radiotherapy failure in the..
Cognitive behaviour therapy for chronic subjective dizziness: longer-term gains and predictors of disability
American Journal of Otolaryngology
Nov 2012
Purpose: The study sought to evaluate the longer-term effects of a brief cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) intervention for patients with chronic subjective dizziness (CSD). In addition, it sought to identify predictors of longer-term disability in this group. Materials and methods: Forty-four patients with CSD..
Medical Apps
Miniatlas - Ears, nose and throat - £1.99
ENT Updates - Free
ENT Handbook - Free
Miniatlas ENT - £1.91
Social Media
Straws and camel's backs.
on doc2doc... to the new mother with a consequence that every child with a runny nose is brought to the GP.2. Longer life expectancy and large numbers of elderly ...
Remote sensing of disease
on doc2doc... John D This is all new to me. What I know about is the "artificial nose" being tested at the Technion for detecting VOS( Volatile substances ...
The Chennai declaration - no less than Magna Carta???
on doc2doc... cold. By the time I reached home, I had headache, sore throat and dribbly nose. Mum kept her hand on my forehead and said I am warm. ...
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