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Latest Drugs
Nutrition and Dietetics Drug Data - A-Z (English)
Drug Class Description
Vitamin B (B12 vitamins).Generic Name
CyanocobalaminDrug Description
Cyanocobalamin 1.0mgPresentation
Solution for injection.Indications
Addisonian pernicious anaemia. Prophylaxis and treatment of other macrocytic anaemias associated with vitamin B12 deficiency. Schilling test. Not indicated for treatment of toxic amblyopias - use Neo-Cytamen.Adult Dosage
Route of administration: intramuscular.
Adults and Children
Addisonian pernicious anaemia and other macrocytic anaemias without neurological involvement:
Initially: 250 to 1000mcg intramuscularly on alternate days for one to two weeks, then 250mcg weekly until the blood count is normal.
Maintenance: 1000mcg monthly.
Addisonian pernicious anaemia and other macrocytic anaemias with neurological complications:
Initially: 1000mcg intramuscularly on alternate days as long as improvement is occurring.
Maintenance: 1000mcg monthly.
Prophylaxis of macrocytic anaemia associated with vitamin B12 deficiency resulting from gastrectomy, some malabsorption syndromes and strict vegetarianism:
250mcg - 1000mcg monthly.
Schilling Test:
An intramuscular injection of 1000mcg cyanocobalamin is an essential part of this test.
Contra Indications
Hypersensitivity to cyanocobalamin or any other constitutents.
Cytomen should not be used for the treatment of megaloblastic anaemia of pregnancy unless vitamin B12 deficiency has been demonstrated.
Not indicated for treatment of toxic amblyopias - use Neo-Cytamen.
Special Precautions
Precautions:
The dosage schemes given above are usually satisfactory, but regular examination of the blood is advisable. If megaloblastic anaemia fails to respond to Cytamen, folate metabolism should be investigated. Doses in excess of 10mcg daily may produce an incomplete haematological response in patients with folate deficiency. Indiscriminate administration may mask the true diagnosis. The haematological and neurological state should be monitored regularly to ensure adequacy of therapy. Cardiac arrhythmias secondary to hypokalaemia during initial therapy have been reported. Plasma potassium should therefore be monitored during this period. Platelet count should be monitored during the first weeks of use in megaloblastic anaemia due to the possible occurrence of reactive thrombocytosis.
Interactions
Chloramphenicol-treated patients may respond poorly to Cytamen. Serum concentrations of cyanocobalamin may be lowered by oral contraceptives but this interaction is unlikely to have clinical significance.
Antimetabolites and most antibiotics invalidate vitamin B12 assays by microbiological techniques.
Adverse Reactions
Hypersensitivity reactions have been reported including skin reactions (e.g. rash, itching) and exceptionally anaphylaxis. Other symptoms reported include fever, chills, hot flushing, dizziness, malaise, nausea, acneiform and bullous eruptions, tremor and injection site reactions including injection site pain, injection site induration and injection site necrosis. Reactive thrombocytosis can occur during the first weeks of use in megaloblastic anaemia
Manufacturer
UCB Pharma LimitedDrug Availability
(POM)Updated
06 May 2009Advert for Healthcare Professionals Only
Latest News
12th February 2012
Cyberknife (Accuray Inc) relieves pain of Trigeminal Neuralgia facial nerve condition Page
Cyberknife, the Intensity Modulated RadioTherapy system from Accuray Inc, can relieve the stabbing pain of the facial nerve condition Trigeminal Neuralgia. Researchers treated 17 patients with Trigeminal Neuralgia with Cyberknife radiosurgery between 2007 and 2009. The patients, who were aged between 36 and 90, had had their symptoms for between one and 11 years and had not responded to the available treatment options. The researchers zapped a 6mm length of trigeminal nerve, just 2 to 3mm from the root, using a maximum radiation dose of 73.06 Gy. The patients were then monitored regularly after the procedure, for an average of just under 12 months. Complete data were available for 16 patients, 14 of whom obtained either partial or complete relief from their symptoms. The average time before symptom relief occurred was just under two months, but varied from three weeks to six months. Four patients relapsed after the procedure, between three and 18 months later. No patient experienced major complications as a result of the procedure, and only two patients reported any sensory side effects. See: >"Cyberknife radiosurgery in treating trigeminal neuralgia" by Bryan M Lazzara et al. Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery (2012). doi:10.1136/neurintsurg-2011-010125
FDA approves trial of Celution System (Cytori Therapeutics) for CMI Cardiology Page
Cytori Therapeutics has received an Investigational Device Exemption (IDE) approval from the FDA to begin the ATHENA trial using its Celution System. ATHENA will investigate the use of the Celution System to treat a form of Coronary Heart Disease, Chronic Myocardial Ischemia (CMI). The IDE application was originally submitted to the FDA in December 2011. The trial will enroll up to 45 patients with no-option CMI who have limited therapeutic options. It will evaluate a variety of clinical and functional outcomes, including safety, peak oxygen consumption (mVO2), and clinical outcomes at 12-months.
Phase III Trial of MDV 3100 (Medivation/Astellas) in Prostate Cancer patients shows positive results Oncology Page
Researchers have presented positive results on all efficacy endpoints from the Phase III AFFIRM trial of the investigational drug MDV 3100, from Medivation and Astellas, in men with Prostate Cancer previously treated with chemotherapy. The results, presented at the 2012 Genitourinary Cancers Symposium, show that men taking MDV 3100 lived for a median of 18.4 months, compared with 13.6 months for men taking placebo. MDV 3100 also met all secondary endpoints, including radiographic progression-free survival (8.3 versus 2.9 months; PSA declines of 50% or greater were more common in the MDV 3100 group than in the placebo group (54.0% versus 1.5%; and MDV 3100 was found to be well tolerated. The data was presented by Howard I. Scher, chief, Genitourinary Oncology Service at Memorial-Sloan Kettering Cancer Center.
