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Latest Drugs
Nutrition and Dietetics Drug Data - A-Z (English)
Drug Class Description
Vitamin B12 - ATC classification: B03B A03Generic Name
HydroxocobalaminDrug Description
Anhydrous hydroxocobalamin 1000mcg/mlPresentation
InjectionIndications
Treatment of Addisonian pernicious anaemia.
Prophylaxis and treatment of other macrocytic anaemias due to vitamin B12 deficiency.
Treatment of tobacco amblyopia.
Treatment of Leber's atrophy.
Adult Dosage
The following dosages are suitable for children and adults.
Addisonian pernicious anaemia and other macrocytic anaemias without neurological involvement:
|
Initially: |
250 micrograms to 1000 micrograms intramuscularly on alternate days for one or two weeks then 250 micrograms weekly until blood count is normal. |
|
Maintenance: |
1000 micrograms every two or three months. |
Addisonian pernicious anaemia and other macrocytic anaemias with neurological involvement:
|
Initially: |
1000 micrograms on alternate days as long as improvement continues. |
|
Maintenance: |
1000 micrograms every two months. |
Prophylaxis of macrocytic anaemias associated with vitamin B12 deficiency resulting from gastrectomy, ileal resection, certain ma/absorption states and vegetarianism:
1000 micrograms every two or three months.
Tobacco amblyopia and Leber's optic atrophy:
|
Initially: |
1000 micrograms daily by intramuscular injection for two weeks then twice weekly as long as improvement is maintained. |
|
Maintenance: |
1000 micrograms every three months or as required. |
Contra Indications
Sensitivity to hydroxocobalamin / vitamin B12.
Special Precautions
Cobalin-H should not be given before a megaloblastic marrow has been demonstrated. Regular monitoring of the blood is advisable. Doses of hydroxocobalamin greater than 10 micrograms daily may produce a haematological response in patients with folate deficiency. Indiscriminate use may mask the exact diagnosis. Cardiac arrhythmias secondary to hypokalaemia have been reported during initial therapy and plasma potassium should, therefore, be monitored during this period.
Interactions
The serum concentration of hydroxocobalamin may be reduced by concurrent administration of oral contraceptives. Chloramphenicol-treated patients may respond poorly to hydroxocobalamin. Vitamin B12 assays by microbiological techniques are invalidated by antimetabolites and most antibiotics.
Adverse Reactions
The following effects have been reported and are listed below by body system:
|
Disorders of the immune system: |
|
|
Rare: |
Allergic hypersensitivity reactions |
|
Very rare: |
Anaphylaxis |
|
Gastro intestinal disorders: |
|
|
Frequency Not Known: |
Nausea |
|
General disorders: |
|
|
Frequency Not Known: |
Fever, dizziness, Injection site disorders |
|
Neurological disorders: |
|
|
Frequency Not Known: |
Headache |
Manufacturer
Amdipharm PlcDrug Availability
(POM)Updated
10 February 2012Advert for Healthcare Professionals Only
Latest News
12th February 2012
Cyberknife (Accuray Inc) relieves pain of Trigeminal Neuralgia facial nerve condition Page
Cyberknife, the Intensity Modulated RadioTherapy system from Accuray Inc, can relieve the stabbing pain of the facial nerve condition Trigeminal Neuralgia. Researchers treated 17 patients with Trigeminal Neuralgia with Cyberknife radiosurgery between 2007 and 2009. The patients, who were aged between 36 and 90, had had their symptoms for between one and 11 years and had not responded to the available treatment options. The researchers zapped a 6mm length of trigeminal nerve, just 2 to 3mm from the root, using a maximum radiation dose of 73.06 Gy. The patients were then monitored regularly after the procedure, for an average of just under 12 months. Complete data were available for 16 patients, 14 of whom obtained either partial or complete relief from their symptoms. The average time before symptom relief occurred was just under two months, but varied from three weeks to six months. Four patients relapsed after the procedure, between three and 18 months later. No patient experienced major complications as a result of the procedure, and only two patients reported any sensory side effects. See: >"Cyberknife radiosurgery in treating trigeminal neuralgia" by Bryan M Lazzara et al. Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery (2012). doi:10.1136/neurintsurg-2011-010125
FDA approves trial of Celution System (Cytori Therapeutics) for CMI Cardiology Page
Cytori Therapeutics has received an Investigational Device Exemption (IDE) approval from the FDA to begin the ATHENA trial using its Celution System. ATHENA will investigate the use of the Celution System to treat a form of Coronary Heart Disease, Chronic Myocardial Ischemia (CMI). The IDE application was originally submitted to the FDA in December 2011. The trial will enroll up to 45 patients with no-option CMI who have limited therapeutic options. It will evaluate a variety of clinical and functional outcomes, including safety, peak oxygen consumption (mVO2), and clinical outcomes at 12-months.
Phase III Trial of MDV 3100 (Medivation/Astellas) in Prostate Cancer patients shows positive results Oncology Page
Researchers have presented positive results on all efficacy endpoints from the Phase III AFFIRM trial of the investigational drug MDV 3100, from Medivation and Astellas, in men with Prostate Cancer previously treated with chemotherapy. The results, presented at the 2012 Genitourinary Cancers Symposium, show that men taking MDV 3100 lived for a median of 18.4 months, compared with 13.6 months for men taking placebo. MDV 3100 also met all secondary endpoints, including radiographic progression-free survival (8.3 versus 2.9 months; PSA declines of 50% or greater were more common in the MDV 3100 group than in the placebo group (54.0% versus 1.5%; and MDV 3100 was found to be well tolerated. The data was presented by Howard I. Scher, chief, Genitourinary Oncology Service at Memorial-Sloan Kettering Cancer Center.
